*		Today in Black History - March 31		*

1850 - The Massachusetts Supreme Court rejects the argument of Charles 
	Sumner in the Boston school integration suit and established the
	"separate but equal" precedent.

1853 - At concert singer Elizabeth Taylor Greenfield's New York debut in
	Metropolitan Hall, African Americans are not allowed to attend. 
	Angered and embarrassed at the exclusion of her race, Greenfield 
	will perform in a separate concert at the Broadway Tabernacle 
	for five African American congregations. 

1871 - Jack Johnson is born in Galveston, Texas.  He will become a
	professional boxer and will become the first African American to 
	be crowned world heavyweight boxing champion.  His championship
	reign will last from 1908 to 1915.

1930 - President Hoover nominates Judge John J. Parker of North Carolina 
	for a seat on the U.S. Supreme Court.  The NAACP launches a 
	national campaign against the appointment. Parker is not confirmed 
	by the Senate.

1948 - A. Phillip Randolph tells the Senate Armed Services Committee 
	that unless segregation and discrimination were banned in draft 
	programs he would urge African American youths to resist induction 
	by civil disobedience.

1949 - William Grant Still's opera, "Troubled Island" receives its world 
	premiere at the New York City Opera.  In addition to marking Robert 
	McFerrin's debut as the first African American male to sing with the

	company, the opera is the first ever written by an African American 
	to be produced by a major opera company.

1967 - Jimi Hendrix begins the tradition of burning his guitar in London, 
	England.

1968 - The provisional government of the Republic of New Africa is founded 
	in Detroit, Michigan.

1973 - Ken Norton defeats Muhammad Ali in a 12 round split decision in San 
	Diego, California.  Norton will break Ali's jaw during the bout.

1980 - Jesse Owens joins the ancestors in Tucson, Arizona at the age of 66, 
	and President Jimmy Carter adds his voice to the tributes that pour 
	in from around the world.  Jesse won four gold medals in track at 
	the Berlin Olympics in 1936.  

1980 - Larry Holmes wins the vacant world heavyweight title by knocking 
	out Leroy Jones in the eighth round.

1988 - Toni Morrison wins the Pulitzer Prize for "Beloved," a powerful novel

	of a runaway slave who murders her daughter rather than see her 
	raised in slavery.

1995 - President Bill Clinton briefly visits Haiti, where he declares the 
	U.S. mission to restore democracy there a "remarkable success." 

1999 - Four New York City police officers are charged with murder for
killing Amadou Diallo, an unarmed African immigrant, in a hail of
bullets. They shot at him 41 times, hitting him with 19 shots.  The
officers will later be acquitted of all charges, even involuntary
manslaughter.

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