* Today in Black History - June 19 *
1809 - The first African Baptist Church in the U.S. became an
organized body in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
1862 - Slavery is abolished in U.S. territories by Congress.
1864 - In a famous duel between the USS Kearsage and the CSS Alabama
off Cherbourg, France, a brave African American sailor,
Joachim Pease, displays "marked coolness" and will win a
Congressional Medal of Honor. The CSS Alabama will be sunk.
1865 - Although the Emancipation Proclamation was issued in 1863,
slavery will continue in Texas, until General Gordon Granger
arrives in Galveston with Union forces, announcing that all
slaves in Texas are free. One third of the people in Texas
are slaves. Juneteenth will be celebrated annually with
picnics and barbecues at public emancipation grounds, some
of which will be used past year 2000. Juneteenth will become
a legal Texas state holiday in 1980. "JUNETEENTH" celebrations
will come to commemorate the emancipation of African Americans
everywhere.
1867 - P.B.S. Pinchback urges African Americans to use their
franchise privileges. "The Congress of the United States
has conferred upon our People the Elective Franchise and it
is our important duty to see that we use it well...."
1868 - Maj. Gen. E.R.S. Canby removes the mayor and aldermen of
Columbia, S.C., and makes new appointments, including three
African Americans: C.M. Wilder, Joseph Taylor and William
Simonds.
1914 - Ernest Crichlow is born in Brooklyn, New York. Studying at
the Art Students League, Crichlow will be associated with
the Harlem Art Center during the 1930's as a noted painter
and illustrator whose objectives will be to advocate social
commentary and communication through art.
1918 - John H. Johnson is born in Arkansas City, Arkansas. He will
become the editor and publisher of "Ebony" and "Jet"
magazines and will be the founder of Johnson Publishing
Company, the most successful African American publishing
company in the U.S. He will also own two radio stations
(including the first African American owned radio station
in Chicago) and Fashion Fair Cosmetics.
1926 - DeFord Bailey became the first black musician to perform on
Nashville's Grand Ole Opry show.
1936 - Max Schmeling knocks out Joe Louis in the 12th round of their
heavyweight boxing match. The German boxer earns his victory
at Yankee Stadium in New York.
1946 - Joe Louis fights Billy Conn, in New York City, in the first
championship prize fight to be televised.
1948 - Phylicia Ayers-Allen Rashad, actress (best known for playing
the part of Clair opposite Bill Cosby on the long-running
"Cosby Show") is born in Houston, Texas.
1953 - Albert W. Dent, president of Dillard University, is elected
president of the National Health Council.
1953 - A bus boycott begins in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
1959 - Mark DeBarge, recording artist (of the group DeBarge) is
born.
1962 - Paula Julie Abdul, singer/choreographer, is born in Van Nuys,
California.
1965 - "I Can't Help Myself" by the Four Tops tops the pop and Rhythm
& Blues charts. The Motown group will get their second and
only other number one hit with "Reach Out I'll Be There" in
1966. Their other hits include: "It's the Same Old Song",
"Standing in the Shadows of Love", "Bernadette" and "Ain't
No Woman (Like the One I've Got)" (their only million seller).
The group calls Motown, Detroit, Michigan home and got their
start in 1953 as the Four Aims. Levi Stubbs, Renaldo 'Obie'
Benson, Lawrence Payton and Abdul 'Duke' Fakir will place 24
hits on the charts from 1964 to 1988. They first recorded as
The Four Tops for Leonard Chess and Chess Records in 1956;
then went to Red Top and Columbia before signing with Berry
Gordy's Motown label in 1963. The Tops, who will have no
personnel changes in their more than 35 years together will
be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1990.
1968 - Fifty thousand demonstrators participate in Solidarity Day
March of the Poor People's Campaign. Marchers walk from
the Washington Monument to the Lincoln Monument, where they
were addressed by Vice-President Hubert Humphrey, presidential
candidate Eugene McCarthy, Coretta Scott King and Ralph
Abernathy.
1969 - Illinois State troopers are ordered to Cairo, by the governor,
to quell racial disturbances.
1971 - The mayor of Columbus Georgia declares a state of emergency
due to racial disturbances.
1986 - Len Bias, a senior at the University of Maryland and the 1st-
round pick of the Boston Celtics, suffers a fatal cocaine-
induced seizure.
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The source for these facts are "Encyclopedia Britannica,
"InfoBeat," "I, Too, Sing America - The African American
Book of Days," "Before the Mayflower", "Black Firsts" and
independent research by the Information Man.
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