* Today in Black History - June 19 *
1809 - The first African Baptist Church in the U.S. became an organized body
in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
1862 - Slavery is abolished in U.S. territories by Congress.
1864 - In a famous duel between the USS Kearsage and the CSS Alabama off
Cherbourg, France, a brave African American sailor, Joachim Pease,
displays "marked coolness" and will win a Congressional Medal of
Honor. The CSS Alabama will be sunk.
1865 - Although the Emancipation Proclamation was issued in 1863, slavery
will continue in Texas, until General Gordon Granger arrives in
Galveston with Union forces, announcing that all slaves in Texas are
free. One third of the people in Texas are slaves. Juneteenth will
be celebrated annually with picnics and barbecues at public
emancipation grounds, some of which will be used past year 2000.
Juneteenth will become a legal Texas state holiday in 1980.
"JUNETEENTH" celebrations will come to commemorate the emancipation
of African Americans everywhere.
1867 - P.B.S. Pinchback urges African Americans to use their franchise
privileges. "The Congress of the United States has conferred upon
our People the Elective Franchise and it is our important duty to see
that we use it well...."
1868 - Maj. Gen. E.R.S. Canby removes the mayor and aldermen of Columbia, S.C.,
and makes new appointments, including three African Americans: C.M.
Wilder, Joseph Taylor and William Simonds.
1914 - Ernest Crichlow is born in Brooklyn, New York. Studying at the Art
Students League, Crichlow will be associated with the Harlem Art Center
during the 1930's as a noted painter and illustrator whose objectives
will be to advocate social commentary and communication through art.
1918 - John H. Johnson is born in Arkansas City, Arkansas. He will become the
editor and publisher of "Ebony" and "Jet" magazines and will be the
founder of Johnson Publishing Company, the most successful African
American publishing company in the U.S. He will also own two radio
stations (including the first African American owned radio station
in Chicago) and Fashion Fair Cosmetics.
1926 - DeFord Bailey becomes the first African American musician to perform on
Nashville's Grand Ole Opry show.
1936 - Joe Louis is knocked out by Max Schmeling in the 12th round of their
heavyweight boxing match. The German boxer earns his victory at Yankee
Stadium in New York.
1946 - Joe Louis fights Billy Conn, in New York City, in the first championship
prize fight to be televised.
1948 - Phylicia Ayers-Allen Rashad, actress (best known for playing the part of
Clair opposite Bill Cosby on the long-running "Cosby Show") is born in
Houston, Texas.
1953 - Albert W. Dent, president of Dillard University, is elected president of
the National Health Council.
1953 - A bus boycott begins in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
1959 - Mark DeBarge, recording artist (of the group DeBarge) is born.
1962 - Paula Julie Abdul, singer/choreographer, is born in Van Nuys,
California.
1964 - The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is approved after surviving an 83-day
Senate filibuster.
1965 - "I Can't Help Myself" by the Four Tops tops the pop and Rhythm & Blues
charts. The Motown group will get their second and only other number one
hit with "Reach Out I'll Be There" in 1966. Their other hits include:
"It's the Same Old Song", "Standing in the Shadows of Love", "Bernadette"
and "Ain't No Woman (Like the One I've Got)" (their only million seller).
The group calls Motown, Detroit, Michigan home and got their start in
1953 as the Four Aims. Levi Stubbs, Renaldo 'Obie' Benson, Lawrence
Payton and Abdul 'Duke' Fakir will place 24 hits on the charts from 1964
to 1988. They first recorded as The Four Tops for Leonard Chess and Chess
Records in 1956; then went to Red Top and Columbia before signing with
Berry Gordy's Motown label in 1963. The Tops, who will have no personnel
changes in their more than 35 years together will be inducted into the
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1990.
1968 - Fifty thousand demonstrators participate in Solidarity Day March of the
Poor People's Campaign. Marchers walk from the Washington Monument to
the Lincoln Monument, where they are addressed by Vice-President Hubert
Humphrey, presidential candidate Eugene McCarthy, Coretta Scott King and
Ralph Abernathy.
1969 - Illinois State troopers are ordered to Cairo, by the governor, to quell
racially motivated disturbances.
1971 - The mayor of Columbus, Georgia declares a state of emergency due to racial
disturbances.
1986 - Len Bias, a senior at the University of Maryland and the 1st-round pick of
the Boston Celtics, joins the ancestors after suffering a fatal cocaine-
induced seizure.
1990 - Opening statements are presented in the drug and perjury trial of
Washington D.C., Mayor Marion S. Barry Jr. Barry is later convicted of
a single count of misdemeanor drug possession, and sentenced to six
months in prison. He will resume a career in politics after prison, when
he is elected to the DC City Council representing Ward 8.
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