*		Today in Black History - September 9         *

1739 - Led by a slave named Jemmy (Cato), a slave revolt occurs 
	in Stono, South Carolina. Twenty-five whites are killed 
	before the insurrection is put down.

1806 - Sarah Mapps Douglass is born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 
	She is the daughter of renowned abolitionists Robert 
	Douglass, Sr. and Grace Bustill Douglass. As a child, she
	enjoys life among Philadelphia's elite and will be well
	educated by a private tutor. She will become a teacher in 
	New York, but will return to Philadelphia where she will
	operate a successful private school for Black women, 
	giving women of color the opportunity to receive a high 
	school education. As the daughter of one of the 
	Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society's founding 
	members, she will become active in the abolitionist 
	movement at a young age. She will develop a distaste for 
	the prejudices of white Quakers early on and will devote 
	much of her life to combating slavery and racism. She 
	will develop a close friendship with white Quaker 
	abolitionists Sarah and Angelina Grimke. At the urgings 
	of the Grimke sisters, She will attend the Anti-Slavery
	Convention of American Women, held in New York in
	1837--the first national convention of American 
	antislavery women to integrate Black and white members--
	and serve on the ten-member committee on arrangements for
	the convention. Throughout her abolitionist career, she 
	will also serve as recording secretary, librarian, and 
	manager for the Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society,
	contribute to both the Liberator and the Anglo-African
	Magazine, become a fundraiser for the Black press, give
	numerous public lectures, and serve as vice-president of 
	the women's branch of the Freedmen's Aid Society. From 
	1853 to 1877, she will serve as a supervisor at the 
	Institute for Colored Youth, a Quaker-sponsored 
	establishment. During this time, she will also acquire 
	basic medical training at the Female Medical College of 
	Pennsylvania and at Pennsylvania Medical University, 
	where she will study female health and hygiene--subjects 
	on which she will lecture in evening classes and at 
	meetings of the Banneker Institute. In 1855, she will 
	marry African American Episcopal clergyman William 
	Douglass. She will join the ancestors on September 8, 1882.

1816 - Rev. John Gregg Fee, the son of white slaveholders, is 
	born in Bracken County, Kentucky. He will become member 
	of the American Missionary Association, and will found a 
	settlement called "Berea" on land donated to him by an 
	admirer, Cassius Marcellus Clay. It will be later that
	he will be inspired to build a college, adjacent to the
	donated land - Berea College, the first interracial 
	college in the state. During the American Civil War, He
	will work at Camp Nelson to have facilities constructed 
	to support freedmen and their families, and to provide 
	them with education and preaching while the men were being 
	taught to be soldiers. He died on January 11, 1901.

1817 - Captain Paul Cuffe, entrepreneur and civil rights activist, 
	joins the ancestors at the age of 58, in Westport, 
	Masschusetts. Cuffe was a Massachusetts shipbuilder and 
	sea captain. He also was one of the most influential 
	African American freedmen of the eighteenth century. In 
	1780, Cuffe and six other African Americans refused to 
	pay taxes until they were granted citizenship. Massachusetts 
	gave African Americans who owned property the vote three 
	years later. Although Cuffe became wealthy, he believed 
	that most African Americans would never be completely 
	accepted in white society. In 1816, Cuffe began one of the 
	first experiments in colonizing African	Americans in Africa 
	when he brought a group to Sierra Leone. Cuffe's experiment 
	helped inspire the founding of the American Colonization 
	Society later that year. 

1823 - Alexander Lucius Twilight, becomes the first African American 
	to earn a baccalaureate degree in the United States, when he
	graduates from Middlebury College with a BA degree. 
 
1915 - A group of visionary scholars (George Cleveland Hall, W.B. 
	Hartgrove, Alexander L. Jackson, and James E. Stamps) led by 
	Dr. Carter G. Woodson found the Association for the Study of 
	Negro Life and History (ASNLH) in Chicago, Illinois. Dr. Woodson 
	is convinced that among scholars, the role of his own people in 
	American history and in the history of other cultures was being 
	either ignored or misrepresented. Dr. Woodson realizes the need 
	for special research into the neglected past of the Negro. The 
	association is the only organization of its kind concerned with 
	preserving African American history.

1928 - Silvio Cator of Haiti, sets the then long jump record at 26' 0". 

1934 - Wilsonia Benita Driver is born in Birmingham, Alabama.  She will 
	become a noted poet, playwright, short story writer, and author of 
	children's books known as Sonia Sanchez. She will be most noted 
	for her poetry volumes "We a BaddDDD People", "A Blues Book for 
	Blue Black Magical Women", and anthologies she will edit including 
	"We Be Word Sorcerers: 25 Stories by Black Americans."

1941 - Otis Redding is born in Dawson, Georgia, the son of a Baptist minister. 
	He will become a rhythm and blues musician and singer and will be best 
	known for his recording of "[Sittin' on] The Dock of the Bay," which 
	will be released after he joins the ancestors. Some of his other hits 
	were "I've Been Loving You Too Long", "Respect", and "Try A Little 
	Tenderness." He will join the ancestors on December 10, 1967 after his 
	plane crashes en route to a concert in Madison, Wisconsin.

1942 - Inez Foxx is born in Greensboro, North Carolina. She will become a 
	rhythm and blues singer and will perform as part of a duo act with her 
	brother, Charlie. Their biggest hit will be "Mockingbird" in 1963. They 
	will record together until 1967.

1942 - Luther Simmons, Jr. is born in New York City, New York. He will become a 
	rhythm and blues singer with the group "The Main Ingredient." They will 
	be best known for their hit, "Everybody Plays the Fool." 

1945 - Dione LaRue is born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.  She will become a 
	rhythm and blues singer better known as "Dee Dee Sharp." Her first hit 
	will be "It's Mashed Potato Time" in 1962. She will also record "Gravy" 
	[For My Mashed Potatoes], "Ride!", "Do the Bird", and "Slow Twistin' "
	(with Chubby Checker).

1957 - President Eisenhower signs the first civil rights bill passed by Congress 
	since Reconstruction.  

1957 - Rev. Fred L. Shuttlesworth is mobbed when he attempts to enroll his 
	daughters in a "white" Birmingham school.  

1957 - Nashville's new Hattie Cotton Elementary School with enrollment of one 
	African American and 388 whites is virtually destroyed by a dynamite blast.

1962 - Two churches are burned near Sasser, Georgia. African American leaders ask 
	the president to stop the "Nazi-like reign of terror in southwest Georgia."

1963 - Alabama Governor George Wallace is served a federal injunction when he orders 
	state police to bar African American students from enrolling in white schools.

1968 - Arthur Ashe becomes the first (and first African American) Men's Singles Tennis 
	Champion of the newly established U.S. Open tennis championships at Forest 
	Hills, New York.

1971 - More than 1,200 inmates at the Attica Correctional Facility in upstate New York 
	gain control of the facility in a well-planned takeover. During the initial
	violence, 50 correctional officers and civilian employees are beaten and taken 
	hostage. Correctional officer William Quinn receives the roughest beating and 
	is soon freed by the inmates due to the severity of his	injuries. Police 
	handling of the takeover will result in the deaths of many inmates and will 
	turn the nation's interest toward the conditions in U.S. penal institutions.  

1979 - Robert Guillaume wins an Emmy award for 'Best Actor in a Comedy Series' for his 
	performances in "Soap".

1981 - Vernon E. Jordan resigns as president of the National Urban League and announces 
	plans to join a Washington DC legal firm. He will be succeeded by John E. Jacob, 
	executive vice president of the league.

1984 - Walter Payton, of the Chicago Bears, breaks Jim Brown's combined yardage record 
	-- by reaching 15,517 yards. 

1985 - President Reagan orders sanctions against South Africa because of that country's 
	apartheid policies.

1990 - Liberian President Samuel K. Doe is captured and joins the ancestors after being 
	killed by rebel forces. In 1985, he was elected president, but Charles Taylor and 
	followers overthrew his government in 1989, which will spark a seven-year long 
	civil war.

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