* Today in Black History - October 7 *
1821 - William Still is born in Burlington County, New Jersey.
He will become an abolitionist and will be involved in
the anti-slavery movement working for the Pennsylvania
Society for the Abolition of Slavery. After the Civil
War, he will chronicle the personal accounts of former
runaway slaves, who had traveled on the Underground
Railroad. His publication, "Underground Railroad,"
published in 1872, will provide a revealing look into
the activities of the flight of fugitive slaves. Still
will be a civil rights activist, researcher and writer,
until he joins the ancestors on July 14, 1902.
1857 - Moses Fleetwood Walker is born in Steubenville, Ohio.
He will become a baseball player when he and his brother
Welday join the first baseball team at Oberlin College.
He will become a professional baseball player after
leaving Oberlin when he joins the Toledo Blue Stockings
of the Northwestern League in 1883. When he plays his
first game for the Blue Stockings in the American
Association the next year, he will become the first
African American to play in the major leagues. He will
join the ancestors on May 11, 1924. After the 1884 season,
no other African Americans will play in the major leagues
until Jackie Robinson in 1947.
1873 - Henry E. Hayne, secretary of state, is accepted as a
student at the University of South Carolina. Scores of
African Americans will attend the university in 1874 and
1875.
1886 - Spain abolishes slavery in Cuba.
1888 - Sargent C. Johnson is born in Boston, Massachusetts. He
will be a pioneering artist of the Harlem Renaissance,
known for his wood, cast stone, and ceramic sculptures.
Among his most famous works will be "Forever Free" and
"Mask. He will be one of the first African American
artists working in California to achieve a national
reputation. He will be known for Abstract Figurative and
Early Modern styles. He will also be a painter, potter,
ceramist, printmaker, graphic artist, sculptor, and
carver. He will work with a variety of media, including
ceramic, clay, oil, stone, terra-cotta, watercolor, and
wood. He will join the ancestors on October 10, 1967.
1891 - Archibald John Motley, Jr. is born in New Orleans,
Louisiana. He will become one of the more renowned
painters of the 1920's and 1930's. He will study
painting at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago
during the 1910s, graduating in 1918. He is most famous
for his colorful chronicling of the African American
experience during the 1920s and 1930s, and is considered
one of the major contributors to the Harlem Renaissance,
or the New Negro Movement, a time in which African American
art reached new heights not just in New York but across
America - its local expression will be referred to as the
Chicago Black Renaissance. He will specialize in
portraiture and see it “as a means of affirming racial
respect and race pride.” He will join the ancestors on
January 16, 1981.
1897 - Elijah Poole is born in Sandersville, Georgia. He will
become better known as The Honorable Elijah Muhammad,
one of the most influential leaders in the Nation of
Islam. He will be trained by Master Wallace Fard Muhammad,
founder of the Nation of Islam (NOI). He will lead the Nation
of Islam from 1934 until his transition in 1975. He will lead
the organization to become the largest African American
movement since Garveyism. He will be a mentor to Malcolm X,
Minister Louis Farrakhan, Muhammad Ali, and his son, Warith
Deen Mohammed. He will join the ancestors on February 25, 1975.
1931 - Desmond Mpilo Tutu is born in Klerksdorp, Western Transvaal,
South Africa. He will become the first black Archbishop of Cape
Town and bishop of the Church of the Province of Southern Africa
(now the Anglican Church of Southern Africa). His admirers will
see him as a man who since the demise of apartheid has been
active in the defense of human rights and uses his high profile
to campaign for the oppressed. He will campaign to fight HIV/AIDS,
tuberculosis, poverty, racism, sexism, the imprisonment of Chelsea
Manning, homophobia and transphobia. He will receive the Nobel
Peace Prize in 1984; the Albert Schweitzer Prize for
Humanitarianism in 1986; the Pacem in Terris Award in 1987; the
Sydney Peace Prize in 1999; the Gandhi Peace Prize in 2007; and the
Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2009. He will also compile several
books of his speeches and sayings.
1934 - Everett LeRoi Jones is born in Newark, New Jersey. He will be
better known as Amiri Baraka, influential playwright, author, and
critic of the African American experience. He will be a writer of
poetry, drama, fiction, essays and music criticism. He will be the
author of numerous books of poetry and will teach at a number of
universities, including the State University of New York at Buffalo
and the State University of New York at Stony Brook. He will receive
the PEN Open Book Award, formerly known as the Beyond Margins Award,
in 2008 for "Tales of the Out and the Gone." His career will span
nearly fifty years, and his themes will range from Black liberation
to White racism. Some poems that will always associated with his
name are “The Music: Reflection on Jazz and Blues,” “The Book of
Monk,” and “New Music, New Poetry", works that draw on topics from
the worlds of society, music, and literature. His poetry and writing
will attract both extreme praise and condemnation. Within the
African American community, some will compare him to James Baldwin
and recognize him as one of the most respected and most widely
published Black writers of his generation. Others will say his work
is an expression of violence, misogyny, homophobia and racism.
Regardless of viewpoint, his plays, poetry, and essays will define
texts for African American culture. His brief tenure as Poet Laureate
of New Jersey (2002–03) will involve controversy over a public
reading of his poem "Somebody Blew Up America?" and accusations of
anti-semitism, and some negative attention from critics, and
politicians. He will join the ancestors on January 9, 2014.
1954 - Marian Anderson becomes the first African American singer
hired by the Metropolitan Opera Company in New York.
1981 - Egypt's parliament names Vice President Hosni Mubarak to
succeed the assassinated Anwar Sadat.
1984 - Walter Payton passes Jim Brown as NFL's career rushing
leader.
1985 - Lynette Woodward, is chosen as the first woman to play
with the Harlem Globetrotters.
1989 - Ricky Henderson steals a record 8 bases in a play off
(5 games).
1993 - Writer, Toni Morrison, is awarded the Nobel Prize in
literature.
1995 - Coach Eddie Robinson, of Grambling State University, wins
his 400th game and sets a NCAA record that clearly
establishes him as a legend.
1997 - MCA Records offers, for sale, fifteen previously
unreleased tracks of legendary guitarist, Jimi Hendrix.
Hendrix joined the ancestors in 1970.
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