* Today in Black History - October 23 *
1775 - The Continental Congress approves resolution prohibiting
the enlistment of African Americans in the Army.
1783 - Virginia emancipates slaves who fought for independence
during the Revolutionary War.
1790 - A major slave revolt occurs in Haiti, which is later
suppressed.
1847 - William Leidesdorff brings his ship Sitka from Sitka,
Alaska, to San Francisco, California. Earlier in the
year, the Danish West Indies Native had launched the
first steamboat ever to sail in San Francisco Bay. The
ventures were one of many activities for Leidesdorff,
which included appointment as United States vice-counsel
for property acquisition in San Francisco.
1886 - Wiley Jones operates the first streetcar system in Pine
Bluff, Arkansas.
1911 - Three organizations, The Committee for Improving the
Industrial Conditions of Negroes in New York, The
Committee on Urban Conditions and The National League
for the Protection of Colored Women merge, under the
leadership of Dr. George E. Hayne and Eugene Kinckle
Jones, to form the National Urban League. Eugene
Kinckle Jones is named executive secretary.
1940 - Edson Arantes do Nascimento is born in a small village
in Brasil called Três Corações in the Brasilian state
of Minas Gerais. He will become a soccer player and at
the age of sixteen will join the Brasilian National
team. He will be known world-wide as Pelé, seen as the
greatest player in history of soccer. After retiring
from his team, the Santos, he will be recruited to play
for the New York Cosmos in 1971, playing an additional
three years. He will score 1,281 goals (1363 games) in
his career. He will win three FIFA World Cups: 1958,
1962 and 1970, the only player ever to do so; and is the
all-time leading goalscorer for Brasil with 77 goals in
91 games. He will retire in 1977, becoming a worldwide
ambassador for football and undertaking various acting
roles and commercial ventures. In 2010, he will be named
the Honorary President of the New York Cosmos.
1945 - Branch Rickey of the Brooklyn Dodgers signs Jackie Robinson
to the club's Triple A farm team, the Montreal Royals. In
a little under 18 months, Robinson will be called up to
the majors, the first African American to play major league
baseball in the twentieth century.
1947 - The NAACP petition on racism and racial injustice, "An Appeal
to the World," is presented to the United Nations at Lake
Success, New York.
1951 - The NAACP pickets the Stork Club in support of Josephine
Baker, who had been refused admission to the club a week
earlier. After a city-convened special committee calls
Baker's charges unfounded, Thurgood Marshall will call the
findings a "complete and shameless whitewash of the long-
established and well-known discriminatory policies of the
Stork Club."
1966 - "Supremes" Album Tops U.S. Charts. The record "Supremes A Go
Go" becomes the top-selling LP album in the U.S. It is the
first album by an all-female group to reach that position.
One of the most successful groups of its kind, the Supremes,
fronted by Diana Ross, will have seven albums reach the top
10 during the 1960s.
1968 - Kip Keino of Kenya wins an Olympic Gold Medal for the 1,500
meter run (3 min 34.9 sec).
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