* Today in Black History - November 10 *
1879 - Andrea Evangelina Rodríguez Perozo is born in San Rafael
de el Yuma, La Altagracia, Dominican Republic. She will
become the first female medical school graduate in the
Dominican Republic. Her parents will join the ancestors
when she is a child and her paternal grandmother will
take charge of her. In addition to her medical work, she
will also become an author and publish her first book
"Granos de polen" in 1915, and subsequently publish some
poems and articles in the magazine "Fémina." On her return
from the French capital, she will publish a second book,
entitled "Le Guerisseur: Cuento Chino Bíblico Filosófico
de Moral Social." Her biographer Antonio Zaglul will also
indicate that she prepares the manuscript of a novel titled
"Selene" in honor of her adoptive daughter, but will
destroy it in a fit of anger. Zaglul will also state that
she will be seized for her opposition to the regime of
Rafael Leónidas Trujillo and her strong criticism of the
government, and that she will be held in a fortress in San
Pedro de Macoris and tortured. She will be later abandoned
on a road near the town of Hato Mayor. She will join the
ancestors on January 11, 1947, after several days of agony.
1891 - Granville T. Woods obtains a patent for the electric
railway.
1898 - The Wilmington coup d'état of 1898, also known as the
Wilmington massacre of 1898 or the Wilmington race riot
of 1898, begins in Wilmington, North Carolina and will
continue for several days. It will be considered a
turning point in post-Reconstruction North Carolina
politics. The event will be credited as ushering in an
era of severe racial segregation and disenfranchisement
of African Americans throughout the Southeastern United
States. Laura Edwards will write in "Democracy Betrayed"
(2000), "What happened in Wilmington became an affirmation
of white supremacy not just in that one city, but in the
South and in the nation as a whole." Originally described
by European-Americans as a race riot, the events will
eventually be classified as a coup d'etat, as white
Democratic Party insurgents overthrew the legitimately
elected local government. A mob of nearly 2,000 men will
attack the only black newspaper in the state, and persons
and property in black neighborhoods, killing an estimated
15 to more than 60 victims. Two days after the election of
a Fusionist white mayor and biracial city council,
two-thirds of which was white, Democratic Party white
supremacists will illegally seize power and overturn the
elected government. Led by Alfred Waddell, who was defeated
in 1878 as the congressional incumbent by Daniel L. Russell
(elected governor in 1896), more than 2,000 white men will
participate in an attack on the black newspaper, "Daily
Record," burning down the building. They will run officials
and community leaders out of the city, and kill many blacks
in widespread attacks, especially destroying the Brooklyn
neighborhood. They will take photographs of each other
during the events. The Wilmington Light Infantry (WLI) and
federal Naval Reserves, ordered to quell the riot, will
become involved with the rioters instead, using rapid-fire
weapons and killing several black men in the Brooklyn
neighborhood. Both black and white residents will later
appeal for help after the coup to President William
McKinley, but his administration will not respond, as
Governor Russell does not request aid. After the riot, more
than 2,100 blacks will leave the city permanently, having to
abandon their businesses and properties, turning it from a
black-majority to a white-majority city.
1898 - The National Benefit Life Insurance Company is organized in
Washington, DC, by Samuel W. Rutherford. National Benefit will
be the largest African American insurance company for several
years.
1919 - Moise Tshombe is born near Musumba, in the then-Belgian Congo.
He will lead a secessionist movement in Katanga, the Congo's
(Zaire) richest province in 1960, following independence from
Belgium. In January 1963, UN forces will succeed in capturing
Katanga, driving him into exile in Northern Rhodesia, later to
Spain. In July 1964, he will return to the Congo to serve as
prime minister in a new Coalition government. Scarcely a year
later he will be dismissed from his position in October 1965 by
President Joseph Kasavubu. In late 1965, Prime Minister Joseph
Mobutu, who had staged a successful coup against President
Kasavubu, will bring charges of treason against him. He will
again flee the country, this time settling in Spain. In 1967, he
will be sentenced to death in absentia. On June 30, 1967, a jet
aircraft in which he was traveling will be hijacked. He will be
taken to Algeria, jailed, then placed under house arrest. He will
join the ancestors on June 29, 1969, the official cause of death
listed as "death from heart failure".
1930 - Clarence M. Pendleton, Jr. is born in Louisville, Kentucky. He will
become the first African American chairman of the United States
Civil Rights Commission in 1981 (through 1988), where he will
oppose affirmative action and busing to achieve school desegregation.
He will support the Reagan social agenda and hence come into conflict
with long-established civil rights dogma. He will oppose the use of
cross-town school busing to bring about racial balance among pupils.
He will challenge the need for affirmative action policies because
he will claim that African Americans could succeed without special
consideration being written into law. Under his tenure, the
commission will be split by an internal debate over fundamental
principles of equality under the law. The commission will narrow the
description of legal and political rights at the expense of social and
economic claims. The debate will center principally between him and
Mary Frances Berry, an original appointee of President Jimmy Carter.
Democrat Morris B. Abram, also a Reagan appointee, will be vice
chairman under him. He will describe "an intellectual sea change" at
the agency with the conservative view dominant at that time. Authorized
under the Civil Rights Act of 1957, the commission will be
reconstituted by a 1983 law of Congress after Reagan dismisses three
commissioners critical of his policies. He will join the ancestors on
June 5, 1988 after succumbing to a heart attack.
1951 - Hosea Richardson becomes the first African American jockey to ride in
Florida.
1956 - David Adkin is born in Benton Harbor, Michigan. He will become a comedian
and actor, better known as "Sinbad." He will get his big break on
television's "Star Search" in 1984. He will appear in the television
series "Different World," and become the emcee of "Showtime at the
Apollo." His movie credits will include "Necessary Roughness," "The
Meteor Man," "Coneheads," "Sinbad-Afros and Bellbottoms," "The Frog
Prince," "The Cherokee Kid," "Jingle All The Way," "First Kid," " and
"Good Burger." He will also produce and emcee the successful "Soul
Music Festivals" that were held annually for a few years in Caribbean
countries.
1957 - Charlie Sifford becomes the first African American to win a major
professional golf tournament, by winning the Long Beach Open.
1960 - Andrew Hatcher is named associate press secretary to President John F.
Kennedy. He is the highest-ranking African American, appointed to date,
in the executive branch.
1968 - Ida Cox, blues singer of such songs as "Wild Women Don't Have the Blues,"
joins the ancestors in Knoxville, Tennessee.
1989 - The Rhythm and Blues Foundation presents its first lifetime achievement
awards in Washington DC. Among the honorees are bluesman Charles Brown,
Ruth Brown, Percy Sledge ("When a Man Loves a Woman"), and Mary Wells
("My Guy").
2006 - Gerald Levert, the fiery singer of passionate Rhythm & Blues love songs
and the son of O'Jays singer Eddie Levert, joins the ancestors at the age
of 40, at his home in Cleveland, Ohio.
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