* Today in Black History - August 1 *
1619 - Twenty African "Negroes" became the first blacks to land in
Protestant America at Jamestown, Virginia. Surviving evidence
suggests that the twenty Africans were accorded the status of
indentured servants.
1834 - Slavery is abolished in the British Empire by the royal ascent
of the King of England after having been voted by Parliament
the previous year.
1838 - British slaves in the Bahamas are emancipated.
1852 - San Francisco Methodists establish the first African American
Zion Methodist Church.
1867 - African Americans vote for the first time in a state election,
in Tennessee, helping the Republicans sweep the election.
1867 - General Philip H. Sheridan dismisses the board of aldermen in
New Orleans and named new appointees, including several
African Americans.
1868 - Governor Henry C. Warmoth of Louisiana endorses a joint
resolution of the legislature calling for federal military
aid. Warmoth says there had been 150 political assassinations
in June and July.
1874 - Charles Clinton Spaulding is born in Columbus County, North
Carolina. He will become a businessman who will rise to the
presidency of the North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company.
His business acumen will help the company survive the years of
the Great Depression. Also active in the Durham, North Carolina
community where the corporation is located, he will work to
increase the numbers of registered African American voters and
convince the city to hire African American police officers.
1879 - Mary Eliza Mahoney graduates from the nursing program at the
New England Hospital for Women and Children. She is the first
African American to graduate from a nursing school.
1895 - Benjamin Elijah Mays is born in Ninety-Six, South Carolina. He
will become a renowned educator and president of Morehouse
College. After retiring as the president of Morehouse, he will
be elected to the school board of Atlanta, Georgia and will
later serve as its president. In 1982, he will be awarded the
NAACP's Spingarn Medal. He will join the ancestors in 1984.
1914 - Marcus Garvey establishes the Universal Negro Movement
Improvement and Conservation Association and African
Communities' League, later shortened to UNIA. In New York
City six years later to the day, the UNIA will meet in Madison
Square Garden as Garvey presents his "Back to Africa" plan and
a formal Declaration of Rights for black people worldwide.
1918 - Theodore Juson Jemison, Sr. is born in Selma, Alabama. He will
become a Baptist minister and will later be elected president
of the National Baptist Convention USA.
1920 - The national convention of Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro
Improvement Association opens in Liberty Hall in Harlem. The
next night Garvey addresses twenty-five thousand Blacks in
Madison Square Garden. Garvey's nationalist movement reaches
its height in 1920-21.
1925 - The National Bar Association, dedicated to "advance the science
of jurisprudence, uphold the honor of the legal profession...
and protect the civil and political rights of all citizens of
the several states of the United States," is formally organized
in Des Moines, Iowa by 12 African-American legal pioneers
including George H. Woodson, S. Joe Brown, and Gertrude E. Rush.
1930 - Geoffrey Holder is born. He will become a Broadway dancer and actor
and will be best known for his performances in "Annie" and "The
Wiz."
1936 - Benjamin E. Mays, who has been called "the greatest school
master of his generation," is named president of Morehouse
College.
1941 - Ronald H. Brown is born in Washington, DC. He will become the
first African American chairman of the Democratic National
Committee and Secretary of Commerce. He will join the ancestors
in 1996 in Croatia when his plane crashes while on an official
tour of the Balkans for the Department of Commerce.
1943 - Race-related rioting erupts in New York City's Harlem section,
resulting in several deaths.
1944 - Adam Clayton Powell is elected to congress and becomes the first
African American congressman from the East.
1950 - The American Bowling Congress ends its all-white-males rule.
1952 - Charles Clinton Spaulding joins the ancestors in Durham, North
Carolina at the age of 78.
1960 - Benin changes its name to Dahomey and proclaims its independence
from France.
1960 - Chubby Checker's "The Twist" is released. The song inspires
the dance craze of the '60s.
1961 - Whitney Young Jr. is named executive director of the National
Urban League.
1964 - Arthur Ashe becomes the first African American to be named to
the U.S. Davis Cup tennis team.
1970 - "Black Enterprise" magazine is first published.
1970 - Willie Stargell, of the Pittsburgh Pirates, ties the record of
5 extra base hits in a game.
1973 - Tempestt Bledsoe, actress, "The Cosby Show's" Vanessa Huxtable,
is born.
1977 - Benjamin L. Hooks becomes the Executive Director of the NAACP.
1979 - James Patterson Lyke is installed as auxiliary bishop of the
Cleveland Diocese of the Roman Catholic Church.
1987 - Mike Tyson defeats Tony Tucker to become undisputed Heavyweight
Boxing Champion.
1992 - The Supreme Court permits the administration to continue its
special interdiction policy by which the U.S. Coast Guard
patrols international waters near Haiti to prevent Haitian
citizens from escaping from their country, and Haiti is the
only country in the world to receive such treatment by the
United States.
1992 - Gail Devers wins the women's 100 meters at the Barcelona Summer
Games.
1993 - Ronald H. Brown, former chairman of the Democratic National
Committee, is appointed head of the Department of Commerce by
President-elect Bill Clinton.
1994 - Supporters of Haiti's military rulers declare their intention to
fight back in the face of a U.N. resolution paving the way for a
U.S.-led invasion.
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