*		Today in Black History - October 7              *

1821 - William Still is born in Burlington County, New Jersey.  
	He will become an abolitionist and will be involved in 
	the anti-slavery movement working for the Pennsylvania 
	Society for the Abolition of Slavery.  After the Civil 
	War, he will chronicle the personal accounts of former 
	runaway slaves, who had traveled on the Underground 
	Railroad.  His publication, "Underground Railroad,"
	published in 1872, will provide a revealing look into 
	the activities of the flight of fugitive slaves. Still 
	will be a civil rights activist, researcher and writer, 
	until he joins the ancestors on July 14, 1902.

1857 - Moses Fleetwood Walker is born in Steubenville, Ohio.  
	He will become a baseball player when he and his brother 
	Welday join the first baseball team at Oberlin College.  
	He will become a professional baseball player after 
	leaving Oberlin when he joins the Toledo Blue Stockings 
	of the Northwestern League in 1883. When he plays his 
	first game for the Blue Stockings in the American 
	Association the next year, he will become the first 
	African American to play in the major leagues. He will
	join the ancestors on May 11, 1924. After the 1884 season, 
	no other African Americans will play in the major leagues 
	until Jackie Robinson in 1947.

1873 - Henry E. Hayne, secretary of state, is accepted as a 
	student at the University of South Carolina.  Scores of 
	African Americans will attend the university in 1874 and 
	1875.

1886 - Spain abolishes slavery in Cuba. 

1888 - Sargent C. Johnson is born in Boston, Massachusetts.  He 
	will be a pioneering artist of the Harlem Renaissance, 
	known for his wood, cast stone, and ceramic sculptures.  
	Among his most famous works will be "Forever Free" and 
	"Mask. He will be one of the first African American 
	artists working in California to achieve a national 
	reputation. He will be known for Abstract Figurative and 
	Early Modern styles. He will also be a painter, potter, 
	ceramist, printmaker, graphic artist, sculptor, and 
	carver. He will work with a variety of media, including 
	ceramic, clay, oil, stone, terra-cotta, watercolor, and 
	wood. He will join the ancestors on October 10, 1967.

1891 - Archibald John Motley, Jr. is born in New Orleans, 
	Louisiana. He will become one of the more renowned 
	painters of the 1920's and 1930's. He will study 
	painting at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago 
	during the 1910s, graduating in 1918. He is most famous 
	for his colorful chronicling of the African American 
	experience during the 1920s and 1930s, and is considered 
	one of the major contributors to the Harlem Renaissance, 
	or the New Negro Movement, a time in which African American 
	art reached new heights not just in New York but across 
	America - its local expression will be referred to as the 
	Chicago Black Renaissance. He will specialize in 
	portraiture and see it “as a means of affirming racial 
	respect and race pride.” He will join the ancestors on 
	January 16, 1981.

1897 - Elijah Poole is born in Sandersville, Georgia.  He will 
	become better known as The Honorable Elijah Muhammad, 
	one of the most influential leaders in the Nation of 
	Islam.  He will be trained by Master Wallace Fard Muhammad, 
	founder of the Nation of Islam (NOI). He will lead the Nation
	of Islam from 1934 until his transition in 1975. He will lead 
	the organization to become the largest African American 
	movement since Garveyism. He will be a mentor to Malcolm X, 
	Minister Louis Farrakhan, Muhammad Ali, and his son, Warith 
	Deen Mohammed.  He will join the ancestors on February 25, 1975.

1931 - Desmond Mpilo Tutu is born in Klerksdorp, Western Transvaal,
	South Africa.  He will become the first black Archbishop of Cape 
	Town and bishop of the Church of the Province of Southern Africa 
	(now the Anglican Church of Southern Africa). His admirers will 
	see him as a man who since the demise of apartheid has been 
	active in the defense of human rights and uses his high profile 
	to campaign for the oppressed. He will campaign to fight HIV/AIDS, 
	tuberculosis, poverty, racism, sexism, the imprisonment of Chelsea 
	Manning, homophobia and transphobia. He will receive the Nobel 
	Peace Prize in 1984; the Albert Schweitzer Prize for 
	Humanitarianism in 1986; the Pacem in Terris Award in 1987; the 
	Sydney Peace Prize in 1999; the Gandhi Peace Prize in 2007; and the 
	Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2009. He will also compile several 
	books of his speeches and sayings.

1934 - Everett LeRoi Jones is born in Newark, New Jersey.  He will be 
	better known as Amiri Baraka, influential playwright, author, and 
	critic of the African American experience. He will be a writer of 
	poetry, drama, fiction, essays and music criticism. He will be the 
	author of numerous books of poetry and will teach at a number of 
	universities, including the State University of New York at Buffalo 
	and the State University of New York at Stony Brook. He will receive 
	the PEN Open Book Award, formerly known as the Beyond Margins Award, 
	in 2008 for "Tales of the Out and the Gone." His career will span 
	nearly fifty years, and his themes will range from Black liberation 
	to White racism. Some poems that will always associated with his 
	name are “The Music: Reflection on Jazz and Blues,” “The Book of 
	Monk,” and “New Music, New Poetry", works that draw on topics from 
	the worlds of society, music, and literature. His poetry and writing 
	will attract both extreme praise and condemnation. Within the 
	African American community, some will compare him to James Baldwin 
	and recognize him as one of the most respected and most widely 
	published Black writers of his generation. Others will say his work 
	is an expression of violence, misogyny, homophobia and racism. 
	Regardless of viewpoint, his plays, poetry, and essays will define 
	texts for African American culture. His brief tenure as Poet Laureate 
	of New Jersey (2002–03) will involve controversy over a public 
	reading of his poem "Somebody Blew Up America?" and accusations of 
	anti-semitism, and some negative attention from critics, and 
	politicians. He will join the ancestors on January 9, 2014.

1954 - Marian Anderson becomes the first African American singer 
	hired by the Metropolitan Opera Company in New York.

1981 - Egypt's parliament names Vice President Hosni Mubarak to 
	succeed the assassinated Anwar Sadat. 

1984 - Walter Payton passes Jim Brown as NFL's career rushing 
	leader.
	
1985 - Lynette Woodward, is chosen as the first woman to play 
	with the Harlem Globetrotters.

1989 - Ricky Henderson steals a record 8 bases in a play off 
	(5 games).

1993 - Writer, Toni Morrison, is awarded the Nobel Prize in 
	literature. 

1995 - Coach Eddie Robinson, of Grambling State University, wins 
	his 400th game and sets a NCAA record that clearly 
	establishes him as a legend.

1997 - MCA Records offers, for sale, fifteen previously 
	unreleased tracks of legendary guitarist, Jimi Hendrix.  
	Hendrix joined the ancestors in 1970. 

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