* Today in Black History - September 7 *
1800 - The African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church is dedicated
in New York City.
1859 - John Merrick is born a slave in Clinton, North Carolina.
He will be raised by a single mother and will learn to
read and write in a Reconstruction School. He will later
become a brick mason in Raleigh, North Carolina and learn
the barber trade during a lull in construction.
Subsequently, he will move to Durham where he will own
several barber shops, some of which cater to wealthy
white men. He will become involved in real estate and the
Royal Knights of King David, a fraternal benefit society.
It will be there, that he will get the idea of life
insurance based on activities in these very popular mutual
benefit societies developing in the south. He will
eventually co-found not only the North Carolina Mutual Life
Insurance Company, but assist in establishing Durham's first
African American bank and drug store. He will also serve as
president of Lincoln Hospital. He will join the ancestors on
August 6, 1919.
1914 - Jean Blackwell Hutson is born in Summerfield, Florida.
From 1948 until she retired in 1980, she will help build
the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture in
Harlem into the world's primary source for books, art,
historical documents and other materials on people of
African Descent. She will also help the center in 1981,
win a federal grant so the collection could move from its
cramped quarters to a more spacious $3.7 million, five-
story building in Harlem. By then, she will be retired as
the institution's head and will take a job in the office
of library administration at the Public Library's
headquarters in New York. She will join the ancestors on
February 4, 1998 in Harlem Hospital. At the time of her
transition, the Schomburg Collection will hold about
150,000 volumes, 3.5 million manuscripts, the largest
assemblage of photographs documenting Black life, and rare
artifacts - including a 16th century manuscript, "Ad
Catholicum" by Juan Latino, believed to be the first book
published by a person of African descent.
1917 - Jacob Lawrence is born in Atlantic City, New Jersey. He
will become one of the leading painters in chronicling
African American history and urban life. Among his most
celebrated works will be the historical panels "The Life
of Toussaint L'ouverture" and "The Life of Harriet
Tubman." He will join the ancestors on June 9, 2000.
1930 - Walter Theodore "Sonny" Rollins, jazz saxophonist, is
born in New York City. Rollins will grow up in a
neighborhood where Thelonious Monk, Coleman Hawkins (his
early idol), and Bud Powell were playing. After recording
with the latter in 1949, Rollins begins recording with
Miles Davis in 1951. During the next three years he
composes three of his best-known tunes, "Oleo," "Doxy,"
and "Airegin," and continues to work with Davis, Charlie
Parker, and others. Following his withdrawal from music
in 1954 to cure a heroin addiction, he will re-emerge
with the Clifford Brown-Max Roach quintet in 1955, and
the next four years will prove to be his most fertile. He
will be awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1972. On
September 7th 2011, he will be named as one of the honorees
for the 2011 Kennedy Center Honors. He will be celebrated
for his talent in improvisational saxophone.
1934 - James Milton Campbell, Jr. is born in Inverness,
Mississippi. He will becomes a blues guitar artist better
known as "Little Milton." He will start his career
playing in blues bands when he is a teenager. His first
recording will be accompanying pianist Willie Love in the
early 50s. He will then appear under his own name on
three singles issued on Sam Phillips' Sun label under the
guidance of Ike Turner. His vocal style will be in the
mould of Bobby "Blues" Bland and "T-Bone" Walker. His hits
will include "We're Gonna Make It," "Who's Cheating Who,"
"Grits Ain't Groceries," and "That's What Love Will Do."
He will join the ancestors on August 4, 2005.
1937 - Olly Woodrow Wilson, Jr. is born in St. Louis, Missouri.
He will become a classical composer whose works will be
played by the Boston Symphony Orchestra, Oakland City
Philharmonic, San Francisco Symphony Orchestra, and many
others. He will graduate with a B.M. degree from Washington
University in St. Louis in 1959, an M.M. degree in music
composition in 1960 from the University of Illinois and a
Ph.D. from the University of Iowa in 1964. He will be a
prominent composer of contemporary classical music, pianist,
double bassist, and musicologist. He will be one of the
preeminent living composers of African American descent. He
will also be known for establishing the TIMARA (Technology
in Music and Related Arts) program at Oberlin Conservatory,
the first-ever conservatory program in electronic music. He
will teach at Florida A&M University, the Oberlin Conservatory
of Music (1965-1970) and the University of California,
Berkeley (1970-2002). He will serve as the chairman of that
university's music department between 1993 and 1997. He will
retire from the University of California, Berkeley in 2002 and
will become an emeritus professor of music. In 1995 he will be
elected to The American Academy of Arts and Letters. In 1971,
he will receive a Guggenheim Fellowship, which he will use to
live in West Africa, where he will study African music and
languages. In 2008, he will receive a Rome Prize. His music
will be published by Gunmar Music (a division of G. Schirmer).
His music will be recorded on the Columbia, CRI, Desto,
Turnabout, and New World labels.
1942 - Richard Roundtree is born in New Rochelle, New York. He
will attend college on a football scholarship but will
later give up athletics to pursue an acting career.
After touring as a model with the Ebony Fashion Fair, he
will join the Negro Ensemble Company's acting workshop
program in 1967. He will make his film debut in 1970's
"What Do You Say to a Naked Lady?," but is still an
unknown when filmmaker Gordon Parks, Sr. cast him as
Shaft. The role will shoot Roundtree to instant fame,
launching the blaxploitation genre and proving so
successful at the box office that it helped save MGM
from the brink of bankruptcy. Thanks to the film's
popularity -- as well as its two sequels, 1972's
"Shaft's Big Score!" and the following year's "Shaft in
Africa," and even a short-lived television series. He
will also appear in films including the 1974 disaster
epic "Earthquake," 1975's "Man Friday" and the
blockbuster 1977 TV miniseries "Roots."
1949 - Gloria Gaynor is born in Newark New Jersey. She will
become a singer and will be best known for her 1979
hit, "I Will Survive". The hit tops the charts in both
the United Kingdom and the United States. Her career
will receive a revitalizing spark in the early and mid
1990's with the worldwide Disco revival movement. During
the late 1990s, she will dabble in acting for a while,
guest starring on "The Wayans Bros," "That '70s Show"
(singing "I Will Survive"), and "Ally McBeal" before doing
a limited engagement performance in Broadway's "Smokey
Joe's Cafe." In 2001, she will perform "I Will Survive" at
the 30th Anniversary Concert for Michael Jackson. On
September 19, 2005, she will be honored twice when she and
her music are inducted into the Dance Music Hall of Fame.
“I Will Survive” will be inducted into the Grammy Music
Hall of Fame in 2012. On May 16, 2015, she will be awarded
the honorary degree of Doctor of Music by Dowling College.
1954 - Integration of public schools begins in Washington, DC
and Baltimore, Maryland.
1972 - Curtis Mayfield earns a gold record for his album,
"Superfly", from the movie of the same name. The LP
contained the hits, "Freddie's Dead" and "Superfly" --
both songs were also million record sellers.
1980 - Bessie A. Buchanan, the first African American woman to
be elected to the New York State legislature, joins the
ancestors in New York City. Before her political career,
she was a Broadway star who had leading roles in
"Shuffle Along" and "Showboat."
1986 - Bishop Desmond Tutu becomes the archbishop of Cape Town,
two years after winning the Nobel Peace Prize for his
nonviolent opposition to apartheid in South Africa. As
archbishop, he will be the first Black to head South
Africa's Anglican church. In 1948, South Africa's white
minority government institutionalized its policy of
racial segregation and white supremacy known as
apartheid--Afrikaans for "apartness." Eighty percent of
the country's land was set aside for white use, and
black Africans entering this territory required special
passes. Blacks, who had no representation in the
government, were subjected to different labor laws and
educational standards than whites and lived in extreme
poverty while white South Africans prospered.
1987 - Dr. Benjamin S. Carson, a pediatric neurosurgeon at
Johns Hopkins University Hospital, leads a surgical
team that successfully separates Siamese twins who had
been joined at the head.
1994 - U.S. Marines begin training on a Puerto Rican island
amid talk in Washington of a U.S.-led intervention in
Haiti.
2011 - Sonny Rollins is named as one of the honorees for the 2011
Kennedy Center Honors. He will be celebrated for his
talent in improvisational saxophone.
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