* Today in Black History - July 21 *
1864 - The New Orleans Tribune, first daily African American
newspaper, is published in English and French.
1896 - Mary Church Terrell organizes the National Association of
Colored Women in Washington, DC. The association is a
merger of the National Federation of Afro-American Women and
The Colored Women's League. It is one of many achievements
for Terrell, which include being the first African American
woman to serve on a school's board of education, the first to
hold membership in the American Association of University
Women, and at age 90, will lead the desegregation of
Washington, DC restaurants in 1953.
1934 - Edolphus Towns is born in Chadbourn, North Carolina. He will
graduate with a bachelor's degree from North Carolina A & T
State University and a master's degree in social work from
Adelphi University. He will become a longtime local civic
leader and congressman from New York's 11th District
starting in 1983, and chairman of the Congressional
Black Caucus in 1990. He will have the distinction of being
the first African American to serve as Deputy Brooklyn
Borough President. Additionally, he and his son, New York
State Assemblyman Darryl Towns, will become the first African
American father/son tandem to serve simultaneously in public
office in New York State. His varied professional background
includes assignments as an administrator at Beth Israel
Medical Center, a professor at New York's Medgar Evers
College and Fordham University and a teacher in the New York
City Public School System. He is also a veteran of the
United States Army and an ordained Baptist minister.
1943 - Captain Charles B, Hall, of Brazil, Indiana, becomes the first
African American pilot in World War II to shoot down a Nazi
plane. He is a member of the 99th Fighter Squadron which
is part of the 33rd Fighter Group. During his eighth mission,
while escorting B-25 bombers over Italy, Captain Hall spots
two Focke-Wulf FW 190s. He fires a long burst at one as it
turns left. After several hits the aircraft will crashed into
the ground.
1943 - "Stormy Weather" premieres in New York City with Lena Horne,
Bill Robinson, Fats Waller, Cab Calloway, the Nicholas
Brothers, and Katherine Dunham. A week before the premiere,
Horne said of African American actors, "All we ask is that
the Negro be portrayed as a normal person. A worker in a
union meeting, a voter in the polls...or an elected official.
Perhaps I'm being naive. Perhaps these things will never be
straightened out on the screen itself, but will have to wait
until..[they're] solved in real life."
1945 - Alton H. Maddox, Jr. is born. He will become a New York African
American civil rights activist and attorney. He will be best
known for his representation of Tawana Brawley (a black
teenager who accused a group of white men of abducting and
sexually molesting her in Dutchess County). He will be
disbarred following his involvement in the Tawana Brawley
alleged hoax in 1990.
1950 - The first victory of the Korean War is won by African
American troops of the 24th Infantry Regiment, who recapture
Yechon after waging a 16-hour battle. The North Koreans will
launch a surprise invasion of South Korea on 25 June 1950.
U.S. Army divisions stationed in Japan are rushed to the
defense of South Korea. The 25th Division is ordered to South
Korea on 5 July 1950. By mid July the Division is fully
deployed and ready to engage North Korean forces. On 20 July
1950 the 3rd Battalion 24th Infantry conducts the first combat
action of the Division when it attacks and destroys a
well-dug-in North Korean force which had seized the critical
road hub of Yechon. The recapture of Yechon is considered the
first sizable American ground victory of the war.
1957 - Althea Gibson becomes the first African American woman to win
a major U.S. tennis title. She won the Women's National clay
court singles competition.
1960 - The country of Katanga forms in Africa.
1962 - 160 civil right activists jailed after demonstration in Albany,
Georgia.
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