* Today in Black History - March 1 *
1739 - The British sign a peace treaty with the Black "Chimarrones"
in Jamaica.
1780 - Pennsylvania becomes the first state to abolish slavery.
1841 - Blanche Kelso Bruce is born a slave in Prince Edward County,
Virginia. During Reconstruction, he will move to Mississippi,
where he will become a wealthy landowner of several thousand
acres in the Mississippi Delta. He will be appointed to the
positions of Tallahatchie County registrar of voters and tax
assessor before winning an election for sheriff in Bolivar
County. He later will be elected to other county positions,
including tax collector and supervisor of education, while he
also edits a local newspaper. In February 1874, he will be
elected by the state legislature to the U.S. Senate as a
Republican, becoming the second African American to serve in
the upper house of Congress. He will be the first elected
black senator to serve a full term. Hiram R. Revels, also of
Mississippi, will be the first African American to serve in
the U.S. Senate, but will not serve a full term. On February
14, 1879, he will preside over the U.S. Senate, becoming the
first African American (and the only former slave) to do so.
In 1880, James Z. George was elected to succeed him. At the
1880 Republican National Convention in Chicago, he will
become the first African American to win any votes for
national office at a major party's nominating convention,
winning 8 votes for vice president. The presidential nominee
that year was James A. Garfield, who will win the election.
In 1881, he will be appointed by President Garfield to be the
Register of the Treasury, becoming the first African American
to have his signature featured on U.S. paper currency. He will
be appointed as the District of Columbia recorder of deeds and
will serve from 1890 to 1893, projected to yield fees of up to
$30,000 per year. He will be appointed as Register of the
Treasury a second time in 1897 by President William McKinley
and will serve until he joins the ancestors on March 17, 1898.
1864 - Rebecca Lee becomes the first African American woman to
receive an American medical degree, when she graduates from
the New England Female Medical College in Boston. She, along
with Rebecca Cole and Susan McKinney, is one of the first
African American female physicians.
1871 - James Milton Turner is named minister to Liberia and becomes
the first African American diplomat accredited to an African
country. James W. Mason was named minister in March, 1870,
but never took his post.
1875 - The (first) Civil Rights Bill is passed by Congress. The bill,
which gives African Americans equal rights in inns, theaters,
public transportation, and other public amusements, will be
overturned by the Supreme Court in 1883.
1914 - Ralph Waldo Ellison is born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. He
will become a well known author, best known for his book
"Invisible Man," for which he will win the 1953 National Book
Award. Writing essays about both the black experience and his
love for jazz music, he will continue to receive major awards
for his work. In 1969, he will receive the Presidential Medal
of Freedom. The following year, he will be made a Chevalier of
the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by France and become a
permanent member of the faculty at New York University as the
Albert Schweitzer Professor of Humanities, serving from 1970 to
1980. In 1975, he will be elected to The American Academy of
Arts and Letters, and his hometown of Oklahoma City will honor
him with the dedication of the Ralph Waldo Ellison Library.
Continuing to teach, he will publish mostly essays, and in 1984,
he will receive the New York City College's Langston Hughes
Medal. In 1985, he will be awarded the National Medal of Arts.
In 1986, his "Going to the Territory" will be published. This
is a collection of seventeen essays that include insight into
southern novelist William Faulkner and Ellison's friend Richard
Wright, as well as the music of Duke Ellington and the
contributions of African Americans to America's national identity.
He will join the ancestors on April 16, 1994.
1927 - Harry Belafonte is born in New York City. He will become a
successful folk singer, actor, and winner of the first Emmy
awarded to an African American. His commitment to civil and
human rights will lead him to march with Martin Luther King,
Jr. in Montgomery, Selma, and Washington, DC. Among his
achievements will be Kennedy Center Honors in 1989.
1940 - Richard Wright's "Native Son" is published by Harper and
Brothers.
1949 - Joe Louis retires as heavyweight boxing champion after holding
the title for a record eleven years and eight months.
1960 - Four national chain stores announce that on October 17, food
counters in about 150 stores in 112 cities in North Carolina,
Virginia, West Virginia, Kentucky, Texas, Tennessee, Missouri,
Maryland, Florida and Oklahoma will be integrated.
1960 - The Alabama State Board of Education expels nine Alabama State
University students for participating in sit-in demonstrations.
1960 - Montgomery, Alabama, police break up a protest demonstration
on the Alabama State University campus and arrest thirty-five
students, a teacher and her husband.
1960 - San Antonio, Texas, becomes the first major Southern city to
integrate lunch counters.
1960 - Pope John elevates Bishop Laurian Rugambwa of Tanganyika to
the College of Cardinals, the first cardinal of African
descent in the modern era.
1963 - Carl T. Rowan is named United States ambassador to Finland.
1967 - The House of Representatives votes to expel Adam Clayton
Powell, Jr. from the 90th Congress. (The Supreme Court will
rule in 1969 that Powell will have to be seated after being
re-elected by his constituency.)
1968 - Richard Serrell is born in Oakland, California. He will become
a rapper, fashion designer, television personality, figure
skater, singer, actor and author. He will be better known by
his stage name Richie Rich. He will first enter music in the
late 1980s with the group 415. With D-Loc, DJ Daryl, and JED,
he will craft a Bay Area album in 1989 called "41Fivin," which
will sell well around the Bay Area and will spawn a solo
album in 1990, titled "Don't Do It." His rapping style will
have an influence on Snoop Dogg. In Snoop's own words, �The
reason I formed 213 with Warren G and Nate Dogg is because
Richie Rich had a group called 415. I was lovin' his style and
voice which I incorporated into my style when I first started
rapping." He will begin appearing on tracks by 2Pac and the
Luniz. He will soon find himself being in the middle of a
bidding war between Def Jam Records and Relativity Records. He
will choose to go on Russell Simmons' label Def Jam. Before
forming his own label, Oakland Hills 41510, he will release his
second solo album in 1996, "Half Thang," which will peak on the
Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums at number 57. By 1995, he will
become the first Bay Area rapper to sign with New York's Def
Jam Records, and his major-label album, "Seasoned Veteran," will
be released in late 1996. "Seasoned Veteran" will do rather well
on the charts, and music videos will soon be released for three
songs on the album. Just as Rich's career is booming, a merger
at Def Jam (with PolyGram) will leave him without much direction.
He will have plans to release a second album on Def Jam, although
it will keep getting pushed back. He will soon have the decision
to stay or go, he decided to go. He will then start his own
label with partner Lev Berlak, named Ten-Six Records. Four years
after "Seasoned Veteran," his fourth album "The Game" will be
released. The album will sell over 300,000 units independently.
1972 - Wilt Chamberlain is the first NBA player to score 30,000 points.
1981 - Duke Ellington's musical "Sophisticated Ladies" opens at the
Lunt-Fontanne Theatre in New York City for 767 performances.
1996 - Lenny Wilkens, winningest coach in the NBA, coaches his 1,000th
victory.
2014 - U.S. President Barack Obama warns Russian President Vladimir
Putin regarding Russian involvement in the Ukraine.
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