* Today in Black History - July 30 *
1822 - James Varick is consecrated as the first bishop of the African
Methodist Episcopal Church Zion (AMEZ). Varick had formed the
first African American church in New York City in 1796 when
forced to sit in segregated seating in the white John Street
Methodist Episcopal Church and had established the first AMEZ
church in New Haven, Connecticut.
1839 - Slave rebels, led by Joseph Cinque, kill the captain and take
over the slave ship Amistad in the most celebrated of American
slave mutinies. The rebels were captured off Long Island on
August 26.
1863 - President Lincoln gave an order to shoot a Confederate prisoner
for every African American prisoner that was shot; it became
known as the "eye-for-eye" order. A rebel prisoner would also
be condemned to life in prison doing hard labor, for every
African American prisoner sold into slavery. The order had
restraining influence on the Confederate government, though
individual commanders and soldiers continued to murder captured
African American soldiers.
1864 - The Union Army explodes a mine under rebel lines near
Petersburg, Virginia, commits three white and one African
American divisions and is soundly defeated. The African
American division of the Ninth Corps sustains heavy casualties
in an ill-planned attack. The only Union success of the day is
scored by the Forty-third U.S. Colored Troops which captures
two hundred rebel prisoners and two stands of colors. Decatur
Dorsey of the Thirty-ninth U.S. Colored Troops wins a
Congressional Medal of Honor.
1866 - Edward G. Walker, son of abolitionist David Walker, and Charles
L. Mitchell are elected to the Massachusetts Assembly from
Boston and become the first African Americans to sit in the
legislature of an American state in the post-Civil War period.
1866 - White Democrats, led by police, attack a convention of African
American and white Republicans in New Orleans, Louisiana. More
than 40 persons are killed, and at least 150 persons are
wounded. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, Military commander of the
state, says "It was not riot; it was an absolute massacre...
which the mayor and the police of the city perpetrated without
the shadow of a necessity."
1885 - Eugene Kinckle Jones is born in Richmond, Virginia. He will
attend Cornell University where he will become one of the founders
of the Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity. After completing his education,
he will become a social worker and first executive secretary of the
National Urban League. During his 20-year tenure with the
league, he will be instrumental in its expansion to 58
affiliates and a budget of $2.5 million as well as expanding
its fellowship program to train social workers. He will join the
ancestors in 1954.
1945 - Adam Clayton Powell, Jr., activist and politician, is elected
to the U.S. House of Representatives representing Harlem.
1956 - Anita Hill is born in Morris, Oklahoma. She will become an
attorney, educator, author and activist. She will receive her
law degree from Yale University, and after a stint at the Equal
Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), she will teach law at
the University of Oklahoma. In 1991 she will be catapulted into
the public spotlight when she brings allegations of sexual
harassment against Supreme Court nominee Clarence Thomas. At
Thomas's Senate confirmation hearings, she will testify that
Thomas had made unwelcome sexual advances while he was her
supervisor at the EEOC in the 1980s. Although Thomas's
appointment will be subsequently confirmed, her testimony will
bring the issue of sexual harassment to public attention, forever
changing relations between men and women in the workplace. In
1997, she will publish "Speaking Truth to Power," a personal
memoir and study of her involvement in the Thomas hearings. She
will resume her teaching career at Brandeis University.
1959 - Willie McCovey steps to the plate for the first time in his
major-league baseball career. McCovey, of the San Francisco
Giants bats 4-for-4 in his debut against Robin Roberts of the
Philadelphia Phillies. He hits two singles and two triples,
driving in two runs. It is the start of an All-Star career that
will land McCovey in baseball's Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New
York.
1961 - Lawrence Fishburne is born in Augusta, Georgia. He will start
his acting career at the age of 12, getting his big break
portraying Joshua Hall on the ABC soap opera, "One Life to
Live in 1973." He will be originally cast in the hit tv show
"Good Times," but the role will eventually go to Ralph Carter.
He will later earn a supporting role in Francis Ford Coppola's
"Apocalypse Now," as well as a recurring role as "Cowboy
Curtis" alongside Pee Wee Herman (Paul Reubens) in the CBS
children's television show, "Pee-Wee's Playhouse." However, it
will be his 1991 role in "Boyz N The Hood" that gains him
lasting recognition as an outstanding actor. The next year,
he will win a Tony Award for his stage performance in August
Wilson's "Two Trains Running," which is followed by an Oscar
nomination one year later for his portrayal of Ike Turner in
"What's Love Got to Do With It?." Also in 1992, he will receive
an Emmy Award for an episode of the short-lived TV series
"Tribeca." He will be known for his role as Morpheus, the hacker-
mentor of Neo (Keanu Reeves) in the blockbuster science fiction
movie series "The Matrix." He will also appear alongside Tom
Cruise as his IMF superior in Mission: Impossible III.
1967 - Eight days of racially motivated disturbances end in Detroit,
Michigan. The uprising, the worst of its kind in the 20th
century, kills 43 people, injures 2,000, and results in over
5,000 arrests and over 1,400 fires.
1967 - A racially motivated disturbance occurs in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
Four persons are killed.
1970 - Author, television columnist, and Hofstra University professor
Louis Lomax, joins the ancestors after being fatally injured in
a car accident near Santa Rosa, New Mexico.
1984 - Reggie Jackson hits the 494th home run of his career, passing
the Yankees' Lou Gehrig and taking over 13th place on the
all-time home run list. Larry Sorenson is the victim who gave
up Reggie's milestone homer.
1988 - The first National Black Arts Festival opens in Atlanta,
Georgia. The biennial festival includes over 50 architectural
and art exhibits including the works of Romare Bearden, Edwin
Harleston, Camille Billops, David Driskell, and over 140
others.
1994 - The first U.S. troops land in the Rwandan capital of Kigali to
secure the airport for an expanded international aid effort.
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