* Today in Black History - November 2 *
1868 - Scott Joplin, originator of ragtime music, is born in
Northeast Texas. He will earn a living as a piano teacher.
He will teach future ragtime composers Arthur Marshall,
Scott Hayden and Brun Campbell. He will began publishing
music in 1895, and publication of his Maple Leaf Rag in
1899 will bring him fame. This piece had a profound
influence on subsequent writers of ragtime. It will also
bring the composer a steady income for life, though he
did not reach this level of success again and frequently
had financial problems. He will move to St. Louis in 1901,
where he will continue to compose and publish music, and
regularly perform in the St Louis community. The score to
his first opera, "A Guest of Honor" was confiscated in
1903 with his belongings because of a non-payment of
bills, and is now considered lost. He will continue to
compose and publish music, and in 1907 move to New York
City to find a producer for a new opera. He will attempt
to go beyond the limitations of the musical form that made
him famous, without much monetary success. His second
opera, "Treemonisha," was not received well at its
partially staged performance in 1915. He will join the
ancestors on April 1, 1917. The opera "Treemonisha" will
be finally produced in full to wide acclaim in 1972. In
1976, He will be posthumously awarded a Pulitzer Prize.
1875 - Democrats suppress the African American vote by fraud
and violence and carry Mississippi elections. "The
Mississippi Plan" staged riots, political
assassinations, massacres and social and economic
intimidation will be used later to overthrow
Reconstruction governments in South Carolina and
Louisiana.
1903 - Business and civic leader, Maggie Lena Walker, opens
the St. Luke Penny Savings Bank in Richmond, Virginia,
becoming the first female bank president in the United
States.
1930 - Ras Tafari Makonnen is crowned Negus of Ethiopia, taking
the name Haile Selassie I, 225th Emperor of Solomonic
Dynasty. His coronation will signify to thousands of
Jamaicans and Garveyites in the United States, the
fulfillment of the prophecy of their leader, Marcus
Garvey.
1954 - Charles C. Diggs becomes the first African American
representative to Congress from Michigan. He, along
with William Dawson of Illinois and Adam Clayton Powell,
Jr. of New York, comprise the largest number of African
Americans to date in Congress in the 20th century. Diggs
will leave Congress in 1980 after being convicted of
mail fraud and being censured by Congress.
1954 - NAACP's Spingarn Medal is presented to Dr. Theodore K.
Lawles for his research on skin-related diseases.
1958 - Willie Dean McGee is born in San Francisco, California. He
will become a professional baseball player, who will win
two batting titles and be named Major League Baseball's
1985 National League MVP. He will primarily play center
and right field, and will win three Gold Glove Awards for
defensive excellence. He will spend the majority of his
18-year career playing for the St. Louis Cardinals, and
will help the Cardinals win the 1982 World Series with his
outstanding performance in Game 3 of that series. A four-
time All-Star, he will accumulated 2,254 hits during his
career. He will retire from major league baseball in 1999.
On March 6, 2013 the St. Louis Cardinals will announce
that he will be hired as Special Assistant to General
Manager John Mozeliak. His role as Special Assistant will
include working with outfielders in the Cardinals' minor
league system as well as monitoring the organization's minor
league players, then reporting on their status directly to
to the General Manager. On August 16, 2014, he will be
inducted into the St.Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame.
1979 - Black activist Joanne Chesimard escapes from a New Jersey
prison, where she was serving a life sentence for the
1973 slaying of a New Jersey state trooper. Chesimard,
who takes the name Assata Shakur successfully flees the
United States to Cuba.
1982 - Katie B. Hall is elected the first African American
congressional representative from Indiana.
1983 - President Ronald Reagan signs a bill to establish a
federal holiday in honor of Dr. Martin Luther King,
Jr.'s birthday on the third Monday in January. It is
the culmination of the efforts by many civil rights
organizations and entertainers to name King's birthday
as a national holiday.
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