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In a followup study, the compositions of microflora inhabiting the guts 
of normal children, children with active celiac disease, and symptom-
free CD children on a gluten-free diet were compared.  Some bacteria 
species returned to normal levels after treatment, but "the ratio of 
Lactobacillus-Bifidobacterium to Bacteroides-E. coli was significantly 
reduced in coeliac patients with either active or inactive disease 
compared with controls."  Clearly probiotics would be useful to 
increase the proportion of Lactobacillus-Bifidobacterium in CD patients.  
However, as yet, there is no "smoking-gun" linking a specific bacteria 
species with the onset of CD.

J Med Microbiol. 2007 Dec;56(Pt 12):1669-74.
Imbalance in the composition of the duodenal microbiota of children 
with coeliac disease.
Nadal I, Donant E, Ribes-Koninckx C, Calabuig M, Sanz Y.
Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (Consejo Superior 
de Investigaciones Cientificas), Apartado 73, 46100 Burjassot, 
Valencia, Spain.
http://jmm.sgmjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/56/12/1669 .

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