* Today in Black History - February 19 *
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1919 - The first Pan-African Congress, organized by W.E.B. Dubois,
opens in Paris, France. Fifty-seven delegates from 16 countries
and colonies will meet for three days and declare "The natives
of Africa must be allowed to participate in the government as
fast as their development permits." Blaise Diagne of Senegal
is elected president and Dubois is named secretary. The
Pan-African movement is started by these African American,
African and Caribbean intellectuals, stressing the unity of
Black people, whether living in Africa or in the various parts
of the world to which Africans had been brought as slaves.
African independence and nationalism were its goals. These
representatives from the Americas, Europe, and Africa gather
to discuss the situation of Africans living under colonialism.
Also taking place in Paris at that time are the negotiations for
the post-WWI Treaty of Versailles. Since the fate of the
European powers' African colonies is being discussed in these
negotiations, Du Bois hopes to influence the decisions that will
come out of the peace conference.
1940 - William "Smokey" Robinson is born in Detroit, Michigan. As part
of the Motown group "The Miracles" and in his solo career,
Robinson will be an enduring Rhythm and Blues and pop performer.
He will also become a Vice-President of Motown Records.
1959 - Gabon adopts its constitution.
1987 - A racially motivated civil disturbance erupts in Tampa, Florida,
after a young African American man dies from injuries resulting
from a police chokehold.
1992 - John Singleton is nominated for two Academy Awards for best
director and best screenplay for his first film, "Boyz N the
Hood." Singleton is the first African-American director ever
to be nominated for the Academy Award.
1995 - A day after being named the new chairwoman of the NAACP, Myrlie
Evers-Williams outlines her plans for revitalizing the civil
rights organization, saying she intended to take the group
back to its roots.
1999 - President Bill Clinton posthumously pardons Henry O. Flipper.
Flipper was the first African American to graduate from the U.S.
Military Academy at West Point. Flipper was acquitted on charges
of embezzlement of commissary funds, but was found guilty of
"conduct unbecoming an officer" for lying to investigators. He
received a dishonorable discharge in 1882. He had been a victim
of racism from the time he went to West Point to the time he was
railroaded out of the military. Mr. Flipper joined the ancestors
in 1940 at the age of 84.
2002 - Vonetta Flowers becomes the first Black athlete from any country
to win a gold medal in the Olympic Winter Games. She and her
partner win the women's two-person bobsled event at the Salt Lake
City games. They finished their two runs in 1 minute 37.76 seconds.
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