*               Today in Black History - April 20               *

1853 - Harriet Tubman starts the Underground Railroad.

1871 - Third Enforcement Act defines Klan conspiracy as a rebellion
 against the United States and empowers the president to suspend
 the writ of habeas corpus and declare martial law in rebellious
 areas.

1877 - Federal troops are withdrawn from public buildings in New
 Orleans, Louisiana.  Democrats then take over the state
 government.

1908 - Lionel Hampton is born in Louisville, Kentucky.  He will become
 trained as a drummer and starts his musical career on this
 instrument.  In 1930, while in a recording session with Louis
 Armstrong, He will become fall in love with the sound of a
 vibraphone that was used only to play the famous NBC bing-bang-
 bong station identification.  This will lead to Armstrong asking
 Hampton to add the instrument to the score they were about to
 record.  "Memories of You", the song premiering Hampton on the
 vibraphone, will become a classic.  He will go on to become the
 best-known jazz master of the vibraphone.

1920 - Mary J. Reynolds invents a hoisting/loading mechanism.

1926 - Harriet Elizabeth Byrd is born in Cheyenne, Wyoming.  She will
 become a teacher and, in 1981, the first African American
 legislator in Wyoming's state history.

1951 - Luther Vandross is born in New York City.  An early backup singer
 and commercial jingle writer, his big break as a solo artist
 will come in 1981 when his album "Never Too Much" will reveal
 his talents to both R & B and pop audiences.  He will make a
 string of hit albums, earning seven consecutive platinum and
 double-platinum albums and achieve his greatest crossover
 success with the albums "The Best of Luther Vandross" and "Power
 of Love," which will earn him three Grammy awards.

1964 - Cleveland school officials report that 86 per cent of the African
 American students in the school system participated in one-day
 boycott.

1965 - President Lyndon Johnson awards the Medal of Freedom to Leontyne
 Price, for "Her singing has brought light to her land."

1969 - James Earl Jones wins a Tony for his portrayal of controversial
 heavyweight champion Jack Johnson in "The Great White Hope."

1971 - The U.S. Supreme Court rules unanimously that busing is a
 constitutionally acceptable method of integrating public
 schools.

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