* Today in Black History - July 12 *
1864 - George Washington Carver, African American botanist is born in
Diamond Grove, Missouri. He will receive a B.S. from the Iowa
Agricultural College in 1894 and a M.S. in 1896. He will become a
member of the faculty of Iowa State College of Agriculture and
Mechanics in charge of the school's bacterial laboratory work in the
Systematic Botany department. His work with agricultural products
develops industrial applications from farm products, called chemurgy
in technical literature in the early 1900s. His research will
develop
325 products from peanuts, 108 applications for sweet potatoes, and
75
products derived from pecans. He will move to Tuskegee, Alabama in
1896 to accept a position as an instructor at the Tuskegee Institute
of Technology and remain on the faculty until his death in 1943.
His
work in developing industrial applications from agricultural
products
will derive 118 products, including a rubber substitute and over 500
dyes and pigments from 28 different plants. He will receive the
Spingarn Medal from the NAACP in 1923. He will be responsible for
the
invention in 1927 of a process for producing paints and stains from
soybeans, for which three separate patents were issued. George
Washington Carver will be bestowed with an honorary doctorate from
Simpson College in 1928. He will be made a member of the Royal
Society
of Arts in London, England. Dr. Carver will be honored by U.S.
President Franklin Delano Roosevelt on July 14, 1943 when $30,000 is
committed for a national monument to be dedicated to his
accomplishments. The area of Carver's childhood near Diamond Grove,
Missouri will be preserved as a park, with a bust of the
agricultural
researcher, instructor, and chemical investigator. This park will be
the first national monument dedicated to an African American in the
United States.
1887 - Mound Bayou, an all African American town in Mississippi, is founded
by Isaiah Montgomery.
1936 - Actress Rose McClendon joins the ancestors after succumbing to
pneumonia in New York City. A student at the American Academy of
Dramatic Art in Carnegie Hall, McClendon won fame for her roles in
the
plays "Deep River", "In Abraham's Bosom", and "Porgy." She also
founded, with Dick Campbell, the Negro People's Theater and with
Campbell and Muriel Rahn, the Rose McClendon Players.
1936 - Cornelius Johnson sets the world record in the high jump.
1937 - William Henry "Bill" Cosby is born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He
will become one of the most popular African American entertainers,
first in comedy, where his albums will earn him five Grammy awards,
then in Las Vegas and elsewhere. He will later star in the
television
series "I Spy", which will be the first of several successful
television series. These series will include "The Bill Cosby Show,"
"The New Bill Cosby Show," and "The Cosby Show." "The Cosby Show" will
hold the number one rating for three years. He will also author
numerous books, including "Fatherhood," and "Love and Marriage." His
successes will reward him with financial success and he will become
a
leading philanthropist.
1944 - Denise Nicholas is born. She will become an actress starring in
"Room 222" as Liz McIntyre, "In the Heat of the Night" as Harriet
DeLong, "Baby, I'm Back", and "Ghost Dad."
1949 - Frederick M. Jones patents an air conditioning unit.
1951 - Governor Adlai Stevenson, calls out the Illinois National Guard to
stop rioting in Cicero, Illinois. A mob of 3,500 racists try to
keep
an African American family from moving into the all-white city.
1958 - "Yakety Yak", by The Coasters, becomes the number one song in the
country, according to "Billboard" magazine. It is the first stereo
record to reach the top of the chart.
1959 - Rolonda Watts, talk show hostess, is born.
1960 - Congo, Chad & The Central African Republic declare their
independence.
1963 - Maryland National Guard troops impose limited martial law in
Cambridge, Maryland after open confrontations between civil rights
demonstrators and white segregationists.
1966 - A racially motivated disturbance begins in the city of Chicago,
prompting the governor to call in the Illinois National Guard.
1967 - Five days of racially motivated disturbances begin in Newark, New
Jersey. Over twenty three persons are killed. The racial uprising
involves ten of the city's twenty-three square miles. More than
1,500
persons are injured and 1,300 are arrested. Police report 300
fires.
The Newark rebellion, the worst outbreak of racial violence since
the
Watts riots (in Los Angeles), spread to other New Jersey
communities,
including New Brunswick, Englewood, Paterson, Elizabeth, Palmyra,
Passaic, and Plainfield. The New Jersey National Guard is
mobilized.
1979 - Minnie Ripperton, a singer best known for her recording of "Lovin'
You," joins the ancestors after succumbing to cancer at the age of
32.
1980 - John W. Davis, civil rights activist and former president of West
Virginia State College, joins the ancestors in Englewood, New Jersey
at the age of 92.
1991 - "Boyz in the Hood", a film written and directed by John Singleton,
premieres. A coming-of-age film set in gang-and-violence-ridden
South
Central Los Angeles, its positive message will earn Singleton
critical
acclaim and two Academy Award nominations.
1992 - In an emotional farewell speech, Benjamin Hooks, outgoing executive
director of the NAACP, urges the group's convention in Nashville,
Tennessee, to show the world that it remains vital.
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