* Today in Black History - September 9 *
1739 - Led by a slave named Jemmy (Cato), a slave revolt occurs
in Stono, South Carolina. Twenty-five whites are killed
before the insurrection is put down.
1816 - Rev. John Gregg Fee, Kentucky abolitionist, is born. He
will become member of the American Missionary Association,
and will found a settlement called "Berea" on land donated
to him by an admirer, Cassius Marcellus Clay. It will be
later that Fee will be inspired to build a college,
adjacent to the donated land - Berea College.
1817 - Captain Paul Cuffe, entrepreneur and civil rights activist,
joins the ancestors at 58, in Westport, Massachusetts.
Cuffe was a Massachusetts shipbuilder and sea captain. He
also was one of the most influential African American
freedmen of the eighteenth century. In 1780, Cuffe and
six other African Americans refused to pay taxes until
they were granted citizenship. Massachusetts gave African
Americans who owned property the vote three years later.
Although Cuffe became wealthy, he believed that most
African Americans would never be completely accepted in
white society. In 1816, Cuffe began one of the first
experiments in colonizing African Americans in Africa when
he brought a group to Sierra Leone. Cuffe's experiment
helped inspire the founding of the American Colonization
Society later that year.
1823 - Alexander Lucius Twilight, becomes the first African
American to earn a baccalaureate degree in the United
States, when he graduates from Middlebury College with a
BA degree.
1915 - A group of visionary scholars (George Cleveland Hall, W.B.
Hartgrove, Alexander L. Jackson, and James E. Stamps) led
by Dr. Carter G. Woodson found the Association for the
Study of Negro Life and History (ASNLH) in Chicago,
Illinois. Dr. Woodson is convinced that among scholars,
the role of his own people in American history and in the
history of other cultures was being either ignored or
misrepresented. Dr. Woodson realizes the need for special
research into the neglected past of the Negro. The
association is the only organization of its kind
concerned with preserving African American history.
1928 - Silvio Cator of Haiti, sets the then long jump record at
26' 0".
1934 - Sonia Sanchez is born in Birmingham, Alabama. She will
become a noted poet, playwright, short story writer, and
author of children's books. She will be most noted for
her poetry volumes "We a BaddDDD People", "A Blues Book
for Blue Black Magical Women", and anthologies she will
edit including "We Be Word Sorcerers: 25 Stories by Black
Americans."
1941 - Otis Redding is born in Dawson, Georgia, the son of a
Baptist minister. He will become a rhythm and blues
musician and singer and will be best known for his
recording of "[Sittin' on] The Dock of the Bay," which
will be released after he is killed in a small airplane
in December, 1967. Some of his other hits were "I've
Been Loving You Too Long", "Respect", and "Try A Little
Tenderness."
1942 - Inez Foxx is born in Greensboro, North Carolina. She will
become a a rhythm and blues singer and will perform as
part of a duo act with her brother, Charlie. Their
biggest hit will be "Mockingbird" in 1963. They will
record together until 1967.
1942 - Luther Simmons is born. He will become a rhythm and blues
singer with the group "Main Ingredient." They will be
best known for their hit, "Everybody Plays the Fool."
1945 - Dione LaRue is born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She
will become a rhythm and blues singer better known as
"Dee Dee Sharp." Her first hit will be "It's Mashed
Potato Time" in 1962. She will also record "Gravy" [For
My Mashed Potatoes], "Ride!", "Do the Bird", and "Slow
Twistin' "(with Chubby Checker).
1957 - President Eisenhower signs the first civil rights bill
passed by Congress since Reconstruction.
1957 - Rev. Fred L. Shuttlesworth is mobbed when he attempts to
enroll his daughters in a "white" Birmingham school.
1957 - Nashville's new Hattie Cotton Elementary School with
enrollment of one African American and 388 whites is
virtually destroyed by a dynamite blast.
1962 - Two churches are burned near Sasser, Georgia. African
American leaders ask the president to stop the "Nazi-
like reign of terror in southwest Georgia."
1963 - Alabama Governor George Wallace is served a federal
injunction when he orders state police to bar African
American students from enrolling in white schools.
1968 - Arthur Ashe becomes the first (and first African
American) Men's Singles Tennis Champion of the newly
established U.S. Open tennis championships at Forest
Hills, New York.
1971 - More than 1,200 inmates at the Attica Correctional
Facility in upstate New York gain control of the
facility in a well-planned takeover. During the
initial violence, 50 correctional officers and
civilian employees are beaten and taken hostage.
Correctional officer William Quinn receives the
roughest beating and is soon freed by the inmates due
to the severity of his injuries. Police handling of
the takeover will result in the deaths of many inmates
and will turn the nation's interest toward the
conditions in U.S. penal institutions.
1979 - Robert Guillaume wins an Emmy award for 'Best Actor in
a Comedy Series' for his performances in "Soap".
1981 - Vernon E. Jordan resigns as president of the National
Urban League and announces plans to join a Washington,
DC legal firm. He will be succeeded by John E. Jacob,
executive vice president of the league.
1984 - Walter Payton, of the Chicago Bears, breaks Jim Brown's
combined yardage record -- by reaching 15,517 yards.
1985 - President Reagan orders sanctions against South Africa
because of that country's apartheid policies.
1990 - Liberian President Samuel K. Doe is captured and joins
the ancestors after being killed by rebel forces. In
1985, he was elected president, but Charles Taylor
and followers overthrew his government in 1989, which
sparked a seven-year long civil war.
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