* Today in Black History - November 9 *
1731 - Benjamin Banneker is born free in Ellicott Mills (now
Ellicott City), Maryland. He will become the builder
of the first clock made in America. He also will
become the key figure in the design of Washington, DC
after Pierre L'Enfant quit and took his plans for DC
with him. Banneker was able to save the project by
reproducing the plans from memory, in two days, a
complete layout of the streets, parks, and major
buildings. From 1792 to 1802, Banneker will publish
an annual Farmer's Almanac, for which he did all the
calculations himself. He will join the ancestors in
1806.
1868 - The Howard University Medical School opens with eight
students.
1868 - Arkansas Governor Powell Clayton, declares martial law
in ten counties and mobilizes the state militia in a
Ku Klux Klan crisis.
1923 - Dorothy Dandridge is born in Cleveland, Ohio. She will
try vaudeville and a stint at the Cotton Club before
finding her most noteworthy success as an actress.
She will appear in such works as "Porgy and Bess" and
minor movie roles before her big break in a series of
low-budget movies including "Tarzan's Perils". While
simultaneously maintaining a singing career, Dandridge
will have her greatest success in "Carmen Jones"
opposite Harry Belafonte, Pearl Bailey, Diahann
Carroll, and Brock Peters, which will earn her an
Academy Award nomination, a first for an African
American actress. She will join the ancestors on
September 8, 1965.
1925 - Oscar Micheaux's movie "Body and Soul" is released. It
marks the film debut of Paul Robeson.
1931 - Eugene "Big Daddy" Lipscomb is born. He will become a
professional football star with the old Baltimore
Colts. He will enter the NFL without ever playing
college football. He will be considered one of the
greatest defensive tackles in NFL history. He will
join the ancestors in May, 1963.
1935 - Robert "Bob" Gibson is born in Omaha, Nebraska. He will
become a professional baseball player and pitcher for
the St. Louis Cardinals. He will be the National
League MVP in 1968. During his career, he will amass
3,000 career strike-outs, win the Cy Young Award in
1968 and 1970, win the Baseball Writers Award in 1968,
pitch in the 1964, 1967, and 1968 World Series, and win
Nine Gold Glove Awards. He will enter the National
Baseball Hall of Fame in 1981.
1961 - The Professional Golfers Association eliminates their
Caucasians only rule.
1965 - Willie Mays is named the National League's Most Valuable
Player.
1970 - William L. Dawson, Democratic congressman and party
leader, in Chicago, Illinois, joins the ancestors at
the age of 84.
1976 - The United Nations General Assembly endorses 10
resolutions condemning apartheid in South Africa,
including one that says the white-only government is
"illegitimate."
1982 - Sugar Ray Leonard retires from professional boxing for
the first time, because of a recurring eye problem
sustained in a welterweight title match.
1990 - Freedom Bank in New York City, one of the largest
African American-owned banks in the nation, is
declared insolvent. Its losses in 1988-1989 totaled
$4.7 million, and it was expected to lose $2 million
in 1990. A last-minute effort to revive the bank by
raising funds from the local Harlem community will
fail to meet the government-imposed deadline.
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