*		    Today in Black History - August 12           *

1890 - The Mississippi Constitutional Convention begins systematic 
	exclusion of African Americans from political life of the
	South, August 12-November 1.  The Mississippi Plan 
	(Literacy and "understanding tests") is later adopted with
	embellishments by other states: South Carolina (1895), 
	Louisiana (1898), North Carolina (1900), Alabama (1901), 
	Virginia (1901), Georgia (1908), Oklahoma (1910).  
	Southern states will later use "white primaries" and other
	devices to exclude African American voters.

1891 - Lillian Evans is born in Washington, DC.  As Damme Lillian
	Evanti (a contraction of her maiden name and that of her 
	husband, Roy W. Tibbs), she will become a world-famous 
	opera star who debuts in France with the Paris Opera and 
	performs in the United States and 11 countries on three 
	continents. She will also become one of the founders of 
	the National Negro Opera Company. 

1922 - Frederick Douglass' home in Washington, DC is dedicated as
	a National Historic Site. The effort is led by Nannie 
	Burroughs, Hallie Q. Brown, and other members of the 
	National Association of Colored Women's Clubs. 

1923 - Ophelia DeVore-Mitchell is born in Edgefield, South 
	Carolina. She will be a pioneering force in opening the 
	modeling field to African Americans through her founding
	of the Grace Del Marco Model Agency and the Ophelia 
	DeVore School of Self-Development and Modeling. 

1933 - Camille Billops is born in Los Angeles, California. She 
	will become a painter, archivist, sculptor, ceramist, and
	filmmaker and have solo exhibitions in the United States,
	Russia, Europe, Africa, and the Far East. 

1960 - Ralph Boston of the United States, sets the long jump 
	record at 26' 11". 

1964 - A racially motivated disturbance occurs in Elizabeth, New
	Jersey and lasts for two days. 

1965 - A racially motivated disturbance occurs on the west side 
	of Chicago, Illinois and will last three days. 

1965 - Jonathan M. Daniels, a white Episcopal seminary student 
	from Massachusetts, is killed and Richard F. Morrisroe, a
	white Roman Catholic priest from Chicago, is seriously 
	wounded by shotgun blasts fired by white special deputy 
	sheriffs in Hayneville, Alabama.  They were participating
	in civil rights demonstrations in Lowndes County, 
	Alabama.

1977 - Stephen Biko, leader of the Black Consciousness Movement 
	in South Africa, is arrested.  He will join the ancestors
	after succumbing to injuries from beatings after his 
	arrest in police custody.

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