*                  Today in Black History - July 14                      *

1798 - The first direct federal tax on the states is enacted -- on
        dwellings, land & slaves.

1848 - Wiley Jones is born in Arkansas.  He will operate the first streetcar
        system in Pine Bluff, Arkansas. An illiterate ex-slave, He will
        become one of Arkansas' richest African Americans.

1876 - Sarah A. Dicket opens a seminary for African American girls in
        Mississippi.

1888 - The "Indianapolis Freeman", the nation's first illustrated African
        American newspaper, is founded by Edward Cooper.

1891 - J. Standard is awarded a patent for the refrigerator.

1893 - Spencer Williams is born in Vidalia, Louisiana.  After Serving in
        the U.S. Army, he will become a writer for a series of African
        American films being produce by an affiliate of Paramount Pictures.
        This will lead to a career in Hollywood. He will appear in some of
        the early African American talking movies including "The Lady
        Fare," "Oft in the Silly Night," and Music Has Charms." "He will
        produce "Hot Biscuits," "Bronze Buckaroo," and "Harlem Rides the
        Range." He will write direct and star in "The Blood of Jesus"
        and "Juke Joint. He will star as Andy in the television production
        of "Amos 'n' Andy," a role for which he is best remembered. He will
        join the ancestors in 1969.

1895 - J.B. Allen receives a patent for a clothes line support.

1914 - Dr. Kenneth B. Clarke is born in the Canal Zone, Panama.  He will
        become a noted psychologist who will establish the Northside Center
        for Child Development in New York City.  His pioneering research on
        the psychological damage to African American children caused by
        segregation will be used as part of the basis for the "Brown vs.
        Board of Education" school desegregation decision of the Supreme
        Court.

1932 - Roosevelt "Rosey" Grier is born in Cuthbert, Georgia. He will become
        a professional football player and will play for the New York
        Giants and Los Angeles Rams.  After retiring from football, he will
        become an movie actor.  His film credits will include "Roots-The
        Next Generations," "Reggie's Prayers," "The Sophisticated Gents,"
        "The Glove," "The Seekers," "The Timber Tramps," "The Treasure of
        Jamaica Reef," "The Thing with Two Heads," "The Desperate Mission,"
        "Black Brigade," "The Big Push," and "A Second Chance."

1934 - Robert Lee Elder is born in Dallas, Texas. He will be introduced to
        the game of golf as a caddie when he was a teenager in southern
        California. After serving in the Army on a golf team, he will become
        an active player on the United Golf Association Tour. He will
        dominate the tour, capturing titles in 1963, 1964, 1966, and 1967.
        In 1967, he will become the second African American to qualify and
        play in the previously whites-only Professional Golfer's Association
        (PGA). His achievements will include being the first African
        American to be invited and play in the South African Open (1971),
        the first African American to qualify for the Ryder Cup Team (1979)
        and the first African American to play in the Masters Tournament
        (1975). Among his victories will be The Monsanto Open (1974) and
        The Houston Open (1976). He will join the Senior PGA Tour in 1984.

1943 - Julius Bledsoe joins the ancestors in Hollywood, California.  He was
        an important stage and film actor whose roles in "Deep River", "In
        Abraham's Bosom", and the stage and film versions of "Showboat" won
        him wide acclaim.

1951 - The George W. Carver National Monument is dedicated in Joplin,
        Missouri.  This is the first national monument to honor an African
        American.

1968 - Hank Aaron hit his 500th career home run in Atlanta, Georgia leading
        the Braves to a 4-2 win over the San Francisco Giants.  (In April
        of 1974, Hammerin' Hank will eclipse the old home run mark of 714
        held by Babe Ruth.)

1972 - Former New York State Senator Basil A. Paterson is elected vice-
        chairman of the Democratic National Committee, the first African
        American to hold a leadership position in a national political
        party.

1990 - Ernie Singleton is named president of MCA Records' Black Music
        Division.  As president, Singleton oversees the day-to-day
        activities of the division and the company's artist roster that
        includes Bobby Brown, Heavy D. & the Boyz, Gladys Knight, and Patti
        LaBelle.  He, along with Jheryl Busby, president of Motown Records
        Company, Sylvia Rhone, president of Atco EastWest Records, and Ed
        Eckstine, president of Mercury Records, are the highest ranking
        African Americans in the mainstream record business.

1994 - A tidal wave of Hutu refugees from Rwanda's civil war floods across
        the border into Zaire, swamping relief organizations.

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