*                   Today in Black History - July 12                   *

1864 - George Washington Carver, African American botanist is born in
        Diamond Grove, Missouri.  He will receive a B.S. from the Iowa 
        Agricultural College in 1894 and a M.S. in 1896.  He will become a 
        member of the faculty of Iowa State College of Agriculture and 
        Mechanics in charge of the school's bacterial laboratory work in the

        Systematic Botany department.  His work with agricultural products 
        develops industrial applications from farm products, called chemurgy

        in technical literature in the early 1900s. His research will
develop 
        325 products from peanuts, 108 applications for sweet potatoes, and
75 
        products derived from pecans.  He will move to Tuskegee, Alabama in 
        1896 to accept a position as an instructor at the Tuskegee Institute

        of Technology and remain on the faculty until his death in 1943.
His 
        work in developing industrial applications from agricultural
products 
        will derive 118 products, including a rubber substitute and over 500

        dyes and pigments from 28 different plants.  He will receive the 
        Spingarn Medal from the NAACP in 1923.  He will be responsible for
the 
        invention in 1927 of a process for producing paints and stains from 
        soybeans, for which three separate patents were issued.  George 
        Washington Carver will be bestowed with an honorary doctorate from 
        Simpson College in 1928. He will be made a member of the Royal
Society 
        of Arts in London, England. Dr. Carver will be honored by U.S.
        President Franklin Delano Roosevelt on July 14, 1943 when $30,000 is

        committed for a national monument to be dedicated to his
accomplishments. The area of Carver's childhood near Diamond Grove, 
        Missouri will be preserved as a park, with a bust of the
agricultural 
        researcher, instructor, and chemical investigator. This park will be

        the first national monument dedicated to an African American in the 
        United States.  

1887 - Mound Bayou, an all African American town in Mississippi, is founded
        by Isaiah Montgomery.

1936 - Actress Rose McClendon joins the ancestors after succumbing to 
        pneumonia in New York City.  A student at the American Academy of 
        Dramatic Art in Carnegie Hall, McClendon won fame for her roles in
the 
        plays "Deep River", "In Abraham's Bosom", and "Porgy."  She also 
        founded, with Dick Campbell, the Negro People's Theater and with 
        Campbell and Muriel Rahn, the Rose McClendon Players.

1936 - Cornelius Johnson sets the world record in the high jump.

1937 - William Henry "Bill" Cosby is born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He 
        will become one of the most popular African American entertainers, 
        first in comedy, where his albums will earn him five Grammy awards, 
        then in Las Vegas and elsewhere.  He will later star in the
television 
        series "I Spy", which will be the first of several successful 
        television series. These series will include "The Bill Cosby Show,"
"The New Bill Cosby Show," and "The Cosby Show." "The Cosby Show" will 
        hold the number one rating for three years. He will also author 
        numerous books, including "Fatherhood," and "Love and Marriage." His

        successes will reward him with financial success and he will become
a 
        leading philanthropist.

1944 - Denise Nicholas is born.  She will become an actress starring in 
        "Room 222" as Liz McIntyre, "In the Heat of the Night" as Harriet 
        DeLong, "Baby, I'm Back", and "Ghost Dad."

1949 - Frederick M. Jones patents an air conditioning unit.

1951 - Governor Adlai Stevenson, calls out the Illinois National Guard to 
        stop rioting in Cicero, Illinois.  A mob of 3,500 racists try to
keep 
        an African American family from moving into the all-white city.

1958 - "Yakety Yak", by The Coasters, becomes the number one song in the 
        country, according to "Billboard" magazine.  It is the first stereo 
        record to reach the top of the chart. 

1959 - Rolonda Watts, talk show hostess, is born.

1960 - Congo, Chad & The Central African Republic declare their 
        independence. 

1963 - Maryland National Guard troops impose limited martial law in 
        Cambridge, Maryland after open confrontations between civil rights 
        demonstrators and white segregationists.

1966 - A racially motivated disturbance begins in the city of Chicago, 
        prompting the governor to call in the Illinois National Guard.
	
1967 - Five days of racially motivated disturbances begin in Newark, New 
        Jersey.  Over twenty three persons are killed.  The racial uprising 
        involves ten of the city's twenty-three square miles.  More than
1,500 
        persons are injured and 1,300 are arrested.  Police report 300
fires.  
        The Newark rebellion, the worst outbreak of racial violence since
the 
        Watts riots (in Los Angeles), spread to other New Jersey
communities, 
        including New Brunswick, Englewood, Paterson, Elizabeth, Palmyra, 
        Passaic, and Plainfield.  The New Jersey National Guard is
mobilized.

1979 - Minnie Ripperton, a singer best known for her recording of "Lovin' 
        You," joins the ancestors after succumbing to cancer at the age of
32. 

1980 - John W. Davis, civil rights activist and former president of West 
        Virginia State College, joins the ancestors in Englewood, New Jersey

        at the age of 92.

1991 - "Boyz in the Hood", a film written and directed by John Singleton, 
        premieres.  A coming-of-age film set in gang-and-violence-ridden
South 
        Central Los Angeles, its positive message will earn Singleton
critical 
        acclaim and two Academy Award nominations.

1992 - In an emotional farewell speech, Benjamin Hooks, outgoing executive 
        director of the NAACP, urges the group's convention in Nashville, 
        Tennessee, to show the world that it remains vital.

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