*		    Today in Black History - September 7         *

1800 - The African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church is dedicated in
	New York City.

1859 - John Merrick, co-organizer of The North Carolina Mutual 
	Life Insurance Company, is born.

1914 - Jean Blackwell Hutson is born in Summerfield, Florida. She 
	will be the longtime curator and chief of the Schomburg 
	Center for Research in Black Culture in New York City, the
	largest collection on the culture and literature of people
	of African descent.

1917 - Jacob Lawrence is born in Atlantic City, New Jersey.  He 
	will become one of the leading painters in chronicling 
	African American history and urban life.  Among his most 
	celebrated works will be the historical panels "The Life 
	of Toussaint L'Ouverture" and "The Life of Harriet 
	Tubman."

1930 - Theodore Walter "Sonny" Rollins, jazz saxophonist, is born
	in New York City.  Rollins will grow up in a neighborhood
	where Thelonious Monk, Coleman Hawkins (his early idol), 
	and Bud Powell were playing.  After recording with the 
	latter in 1949, Rollins begins recording with Miles Davis
	in 1951.  During the next three years he composes three 
	of his best-known tunes, "Oleo," "Doxy," and "Airegin," 
	and continues to work with Davis, Charlie Parker, and 
	others.  Following his withdrawal from music in 1954 to 
	cure a heroin addiction, Rollins re-emerges with the 
	Clifford Brown-Max Roach quintet in 1955, and the next 
	four years prove to be his most fertile.  He will be 
	awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1972. 

1934 - James Milton Campbell, Jr. is born in Inverness, 
	Mississippi. He will becomes a blues guitar artist better
	known as "Little Milton." He started his career playing 
	in blues bands when he was a teenager. His first 
	recording was accompanying pianist Willie Love in the 
	early 50s. He then appeared under his own name on three 
	singles issued on Sam Phillips' Sun label under the 
	guidance of Ike Turner. His vocal style will be in the 
	mould of Bobby "Blues" Bland and "T-Bone" Walker.  His 
	hits will include "We're Gonna Make It," "Who's Cheating
	Who," "Grits Ain't Groceries," and "That's What Love 
	Will Do."

1937 - Olly Wilson is born in St. Louis, Missouri.  He will 
	become a classical composer whose works will be played 
	by the Boston Symphony Orchestra, Oakland City 
	Philharmonic, San Francisco Symphony Orchestra, and many
	others.

1942 - Richard Roundtree is born in New Rochelle, New York. He 
	will attend college on a football scholarship but will 
	later give up athletics to pursue an acting career. After
	touring as a model with the Ebony Fashion Fair, he will 
	join the Negro Ensemble Company's acting workshop program
	in 1967. He will make his film debut in 1970's What Do 
	You Say to a Naked Lady?, but is still an unknown when 
	filmmaker Gordon Parks, Sr. cast him as Shaft. The role 
	will shoot Roundtree to instant fame, launching the 
	blaxploitation genre and proving so successful at the 
	box office that it helped save MGM from the brink of 
	bankruptcy. Thanks to the film's popularity -- as well as
	its two sequels, 1972's "Shaft's Big Score!" and the 
	following year's "Shaft in Africa," and even a short-
	lived television series. He will also appear in films 
	including the 1974 disaster epic "Earthquake," 1975's 
	"Man Friday" and the blockbuster 1977 TV miniseries 
	"Roots."

1949 - Gloria Gaynor is born in Newark New Jersey.  She will 
	become a singer and will be best known for her 1979 hit, 
	"I Will Survive".  The hit tops the charts in both the 
	United Kingdom and the United States.

1954 - Integration of public schools begins in Washington, DC 
	and Baltimore, Maryland.

1972 - Curtis Mayfield earns a gold record for his album, 
	"Superfly", from the movie of the same name.  The LP 
	contained the hits, "Freddie's Dead" and "Superfly" -- 
	both songs were also million record sellers.

1980 - Bessie A. Buchanan, the first African American woman to 
	be elected to the New York State legislature, joins 
	the ancestors in New York City.  Before her political
	career, she was a Broadway star who had leading roles 
	in "Shuffle Along" and "Showboat."

1986 - Bishop Desmond Tutu becomes the archbishop of Cape Town,
	two years after winning the Nobel Peace Prize for his 
	nonviolent opposition to apartheid in South Africa. As
	archbishop, he was the first black to head South 
	Africa's Anglican church. In 1948, South Africa's white
	minority government institutionalized its policy of 
	racial segregation and white supremacy known as 
	apartheid--Afrikaans for "apartness." Eighty percent of
	the country's land was set aside for white use, and 
	Black Africans entering this territory required special
	passes. Blacks, who had no representation in the 
	government, were subjected to different labor laws and 
	educational standards than whites and lived in extreme
	poverty while white South Africans prospered.

1987 - Dr. Benjamin S. Carson, a pediatric neurosurgeon at 
	Johns Hopkins University Hospital, leads a surgical 
	team that successfully separates Siamese twins who had 
	been joined at the head.

1994 - U.S. Marines begin training on a Puerto Rican island 
	amid talk in Washington of a U.S.-led intervention in 
	Haiti.

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