* Today in Black History - April 29 *
1854 - Ashmun lnstitute, later Lincoln University, is founded in
Oxford, Pennsylvania. It will be "the first institution
founded anywhere in the world to provide a higher
education in the arts and sciences for youth of African
descent." (This applies to the modern era).
1881 - Julian Francis Abele is born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He
will become an architect widely believed to have designed
Philadelphia's Museum of Art and the Free Library, as well as
major buildings on the Duke University campus.
1899 - Edward "Duke" Kennedy Ellington is born in Washington, DC. He
will form his first band in 1919, and move to New York City in
1922. His five-year tenure at the famed Cotton Club will garner
him wide acclaim. Scoring both his first musical and making
his recording debut in 1924, Ellington will be known as the
first conventional jazz composer, although he will also become
renowned for his Sacred Concerts in the mid-1960's. His most
notable works include "Take the A Train," "Mood Indigo,"
"Sophisticated Ladies," and "I Got It Bad and That Ain't Good."
1915 - Donald Mills is born in Piqua, Ohio. With his brothers,
Herbert, Harry and John, the Mills Brothers will begin
performing in 1922 in their hometown and over time will sell
an estimated 50 million records. The group will break racial
barriers in the era of Jim Crow and sing before royalty in
London. From the early 1930s onward, the Mills Brothers will
be a nationwide hit on radio and in record sales. In 1931,
the song "Tiger Rag" will sell 1 million copies. Some of their
other hit songs will include "You Always Hurt the One You
Love," "Glow Worm," "Yellow Bird," and "Paper Doll." The
brothers will also appear in several movies, including "The
Big Broadcast" in 1932, and "Twenty Million Sweethearts" in
1934. Donald will be the last surviving member of the group and
will tour in his later years with his youngest son, John, after
his brothers retire in 1982. He will accept a Grammy Award for
Life Achievement for the Mills Brothers in 1998. He will join
the ancestors in 1999.
1922 - Parren James Mitchell is born in Baltimore, Maryland. In 1971,
he will become the first African American elected to Congress
from the State of Maryland.
1928 - Carl Gardner is born. He will become a singer and a member of
the 1960's rhythm and blues group, The Coasters.
1934 - Otis Rush is born in Philadelphia, Mississippi. He will become
a blues musician and will help to shape Chicago's West Side
blues sound.
1948 - Willi Smith is born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. A noted
designer, he will take his first job with Arnold Scaasi in New
York City and form his own fashion label, Willi Wear Ltd., in
1976. He will be a Coty Award winner in 1983 and will lead his
company until he joins the ancestors in 1987.
1967 - Mrs. Robert W. Clayton is elected president of the YWCA, the
first African American president of the organization.
1983 - Harold Washington is sworn in as the first African American
mayor of Chicago.
1992 - Rioting erupts in Los Angeles after a jury acquits four white
policemen of charges related to the videotaped beating of African
American motorist Rodney King. The National Guard and federal
troops are mobilized to deal with the rebellion, which will last
several days and cost the lives of 58 persons. There are
demonstrations and riots in other American cities.
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