*                  Today in Black History - October 20            *

 

1895 - Rex Ingram is born near Cairo, Illinois.  He will attend 

            medical school and earn a Phi Beta Kappa key but forsake

            medicine for the stage, becoming a powerful actor on the 

            stage and screen, most notably as "De Lawd" in the 1936 

            film "The Green Pastures."  He will also appear in 

            "Cabin in the Sky" and "Anna Lucasta." 

 

1898 - North Carolina Mutual Life and Provident Association is 

            organized by seven African Americans: John Merrick, Dr. 

            Aaron M. Moore, P.W. Dawkins, D.T. Watson, W.G. Pearson, 

            E.A. Johnson, and James E. Shepard.  Each invests $50 in

            the company, which will grow to become North Carolina 

            Mutual Life Insurance Company and have over $211 million

            in assets and over $8 billion of insurance in force by 

            1991. 

 

1924 - The "First Colored World Series" of baseball is held in 

            Kansas City, Missouri.  The series, which pits the Kansas 

            City Monarchs against the Hillsdale team from Darby, 

            Pennsylvania, is won by the Monarchs, five games to four, 

            and was organized by Rube Foster.

 

1932 - Roosevelt Brown is born in Charlottesville, Virginia.  He 

            will become a football star at Morgan State College in 

            Baltimore, Maryland, and will be drafted in the 27th 

            round by the New York Giants in 1953.  Over  his career 

            he will be All-NFL for eight straight years (1956-1963), 

            play in nine Pro Bowl games, and named NFL's Lineman of 

            Year (1956). He will play for the Giants for 13 seasons 

            and will be elected to the NFL Hall of Fame in 1975.

 

1942 - Sixty leading southern African Americans issued the 

            "Durham Manifesto", calling for fundamental changes in 

            race relations after a Durham, North Carolina, meeting.

 

1952 - The Mau Mau uprising against British rule in Kenya begins, 

            with attacks against both British settlers and Africans 

            who refused to join the rebellion.  Although British rule

            is widely resented in Kenya, the Mau Mau fighters are 

            mostly members of the Kikuyu ethnic group, whose land had

            been taken over by British settlers. The British will 

            respond harshly to the rebellion, killing nearly 11,000 

            rebels and confining 80,000 Kikuyus in detention camps.  

            Although it will be a military failure, the Mau Mau 

            rebellion will bring international attention to the 

            Africans' grievances, and contribute to Kenya's 

            independence in 1963.

 

1953 - Jomo Kenyatta and five other Mau Mau leaders are refused 

            an appeal of their prison terms in British East Africa 

            (Kenya). Members of the Mau Mau guerilla troops all took

            an oath to commit themselves to expelling all white 

            settlers in Kenya and to eliminate the Africans who 

            cooperated with or benefited from colonial rule. 

 

1963 - Jim Brown, of the Cleveland Browns, sets the then NFL 

            all-time rushing record, 8,390 yds.   

 

1963 - South Africa begins the trial of Nelson Mandela & eight 

            others on charges of conspiracy.

 

1967 - An all-white federal jury in Meridian, Mississippi 

            convicts 7 white men in the murder of 3 civil rights 

            workers.  They are convicted of civil rights' violations.

            

1968 - Elder Lightfoot Solomon Michaux, joins the ancestors at 

            the age of 84.  His church services were broadcast weekly,

            first on radio, then on television.  The theme song of his

            broadcasts was "Happy am I, I'm always happy!" 

 

1976 - New York Nets' (ABA), Julius "Dr. J" Erving is sold to the

            Philadelphia 76ers.  This will be the beginning of his 

            All-Star career in the NBA.

 

1989 - The Senate convicts U.S. District Judge Alcee L. Hastings 

            of perjury and conspiracy and removed him from office. The

            conviction will be overturned and Hastings is later 

            elected to the House of Representatives.


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