* Today in Black History - July 14 *
1798 - The first direct federal tax on the states is enacted -- on
dwellings, land & slaves.
1848 - Wiley Jones is born a slave in Madison county, Georgia. He
will become a barber after the Civil War. He will establish
the first streetcar system in Pine Bluff, Arkansas, the
Wiley Jones Street Car Line, in 1886. He will invest his
income wisely and by 1890, he will be estimated to be worth
$300,000. He will own real estate, a large general store, a
popular saloon, a race track, and a horse stable "of the
finest trotters in the South." Each day, hundreds of Pine
Bluff residents will ride the six-mile-long Jones Street Car
Line. Conductors in neat uniforms with distinctive caps will
assist riders and collect fares. He will be one of Arkansas'
richest African Americans.
1876 - Sarah A. Dicket opens a seminary for African American girls in
Mississippi.
1888 - The "Indianapolis Freeman", the nation's first illustrated
African American newspaper, is founded by Edward Cooper. It
will be subsidized by the Republican Party for some of its
existence and will enjoy a large circulation because of its
news coverage's variety and scope and its attention to black
culture. In the 1890s, the Freeman will acquire a reputation
as the country's leading black journal. Black press historian,
I. Penn Garland, will call it "The Harper's Weekly of the
colored race." During WW I, the paper will editorialize on the
hypocrisy of a nation fighting a war to save democracy at the
same time it tolerates blatant racism in its laws and
institutions. The Freeman also will cover extensively the
wartime achievements of Black Hoosiers. In the 1920s, the
Freeman will experience economic problems and subsequently
fold in 1927.
1891 - J. Standard is awarded a patent for the refrigerator.
1893 - Spencer Williams is born in Vidalia, Louisiana. After serving
in the U.S. Army, he will become a writer for a series of
African American films being produce by an affiliate of
Paramount Pictures. This will lead to a career in Hollywood.
He will appear in some of the early African American talking
movies including "The Lady Fare," "Oft in the Silly Night,"
and Music Has Charms." "He will produce "Hot Biscuits,"
"Bronze Buckaroo," and "Harlem Rides the Range." He will write,
direct, and star in "The Blood of Jesus" and "Juke Joint. He
will star as Andy in the television production of "Amos 'n'
Andy," a role for which he is best remembered. He will join the
ancestors in 1969.
1895 - J.B. Allen receives a patent for a clothes line support.
1914 - Dr. Kenneth Bancroft Clark is born in the Canal Zone, Panama. He
will become a noted psychologist who will co-found the Northside
Center for Child Development in New York City in March, 1946
with his wife, Dr. Mamie Phipps Clark. Their pioneering
research on the psychological damage to African American
children caused by segregation will be used as part of the basis
for the "Brown vs. Board of Education" school desegregation
decision of the Supreme Court. He will join the ancestors on May
1, 2005. In 1996, exactly fifty years after its founding, a
history of Northside Center will be published by The University
Press of Virginia. "Children, Race, and Power, Kenneth and Mamie
Clark's Northside Center," by Gerald Markowitz and David Rosner,
will tell the fascinating story of how Northside began, survived,
and exerted its influence, during a formative time in our
country's history. The Northside Center will celebrate sixty
years of excellence in June, 2006.
1932 - Roosevelt "Rosey" Grier is born in Cuthbert, Georgia. He will
become a professional football player and will play for the New
York Giants and Los Angeles Rams. After retiring from football
in 1968, he will become an movie actor. His film credits will
include "Roots-The Next Generations," "Reggie's Prayers," "The
Sophisticated Gents," "The Glove," "The Seekers," "The Timber
Tramps," "The Treasure of Jamaica Reef," "The Thing with Two
Heads," "The Desperate Mission," "Black Brigade," "The Big
Push," and "A Second Chance." He will also become a singer who
will perform in Carnegie Hall, the author of "Needle-Point for
Men" and "Rosey: The Gentle Giant" and an ordained minister.
He will enter history when he apprehends Sirhan Sirhan after the
assassin shoots Bobby Kennedy.
1934 - Robert Lee Elder is born in Dallas, Texas. He will be introduced
to the game of golf as a caddie when he was a teenager in
southern California. After serving in the Army on a golf team,
he will become an active player on the United Golf Association
Tour. He will dominate the tour, capturing titles in 1963, 1964,
1966, and 1967. In 1967, he will become the second African
American to qualify and play in the previously whites-only
Professional Golfer's Association (PGA). His achievements will
include being the first African American to be invited and play
in the South African Open (1971), the first African American to
qualify for the Ryder Cup Team (1979) and the first African
American to play in the Masters Tournament (1975). Among his
victories will be The Monsanto Open (1974) and The Houston Open
(1976). He will join the Senior PGA Tour in 1984.
1943 - Julius Bledsoe joins the ancestors in Hollywood, California. He
was an important stage and film actor whose roles in "Deep River",
"In Abraham's Bosom", and the stage and film versions of
"Showboat" won him wide acclaim.
1951 - The George W. Carver National Monument is dedicated in Joplin,
Missouri. This is the first national monument to honor an African
American.
1968 - Hank Aaron hit his 500th career home run in Atlanta, Georgia
leading the Braves to a 4-2 win over the San Francisco Giants.
(In April of 1974, Hammerin' Hank will eclipse the old home run
mark of 714 held by Babe Ruth.)
1972 - Former New York State Senator Basil A. Paterson is elected vice-
chairman of the Democratic National Committee, the first African
American to hold a leadership position in a national political
party.
1990 - Ernie Singleton is named president of MCA Records' Black Music
Division. As president, Singleton oversees the day-to-day
activities of the division and the company's artist roster that
includes Bobby Brown, Heavy D. & the Boyz, Gladys Knight, and
Patti LaBelle. He, along with Jheryl Busby, president of Motown
Records Company, Sylvia Rhone, president of Atco EastWest Records,
and Ed Eckstine, president of Mercury Records, are the highest
ranking African Americans in the mainstream record business.
1994 - A tidal wave of Hutu refugees from Rwanda's civil war floods
across the border into Zaire, swamping relief organizations.
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