* Today in Black History - September 7 *
1800 - The African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church is dedicated in
New York City.
1859 - John Merrick, co-organizer of The North Carolina Mutual
Life Insurance Company, is born.
1914 - Jean Blackwell Hutson is born in Summerfield, Florida. She
will be the longtime curator and chief of the Schomburg
Center for Research in Black Culture in New York City, the
largest collection on the culture and literature of people
of African descent.
1917 - Jacob Lawrence is born in Atlantic City, New Jersey. He
will become one of the leading painters in chronicling
African American history and urban life. Among his most
celebrated works will be the historical panels "The Life
of Toussaint L'Ouverture" and "The Life of Harriet
Tubman."
1930 - Theodore Walter "Sonny" Rollins, jazz saxophonist, is born
in New York City. Rollins will grow up in a neighborhood
where Thelonious Monk, Coleman Hawkins (his early idol),
and Bud Powell were playing. After recording with the
latter in 1949, Rollins begins recording with Miles Davis
in 1951. During the next three years he composes three
of his best-known tunes, "Oleo," "Doxy," and "Airegin,"
and continues to work with Davis, Charlie Parker, and
others. Following his withdrawal from music in 1954 to
cure a heroin addiction, Rollins re-emerges with the
Clifford Brown-Max Roach quintet in 1955, and the next
four years prove to be his most fertile. He will be
awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1972.
1934 - James Milton Campbell, Jr. is born in Inverness,
Mississippi. He will becomes a blues guitar artist better
known as "Little Milton." He started his career playing
in blues bands when he was a teenager. His first
recording was accompanying pianist Willie Love in the
early 50s. He then appeared under his own name on three
singles issued on Sam Phillips' Sun label under the
guidance of Ike Turner. His vocal style will be in the
mould of Bobby "Blues" Bland and "T-Bone" Walker. His
hits will include "We're Gonna Make It," "Who's Cheating
Who," "Grits Ain't Groceries," and "That's What Love
Will Do."
1937 - Olly Wilson is born in St. Louis, Missouri. He will
become a classical composer whose works will be played
by the Boston Symphony Orchestra, Oakland City
Philharmonic, San Francisco Symphony Orchestra, and many
others.
1942 - Richard Roundtree is born in New Rochelle, New York. He
will attend college on a football scholarship but will
later give up athletics to pursue an acting career. After
touring as a model with the Ebony Fashion Fair, he will
join the Negro Ensemble Company's acting workshop program
in 1967. He will make his film debut in 1970's What Do
You Say to a Naked Lady?, but is still an unknown when
filmmaker Gordon Parks, Sr. cast him as Shaft. The role
will shoot Roundtree to instant fame, launching the
blaxploitation genre and proving so successful at the
box office that it helped save MGM from the brink of
bankruptcy. Thanks to the film's popularity -- as well as
its two sequels, 1972's "Shaft's Big Score!" and the
following year's "Shaft in Africa," and even a short-
lived television series. He will also appear in films
including the 1974 disaster epic "Earthquake," 1975's
"Man Friday" and the blockbuster 1977 TV miniseries
"Roots."
1949 - Gloria Gaynor is born in Newark New Jersey. She will
become a singer and will be best known for her 1979 hit,
"I Will Survive". The hit tops the charts in both the
United Kingdom and the United States.
1954 - Integration of public schools begins in Washington, DC
and Baltimore, Maryland.
1972 - Curtis Mayfield earns a gold record for his album,
"Superfly", from the movie of the same name. The LP
contained the hits, "Freddie's Dead" and "Superfly" --
both songs were also million record sellers.
1980 - Bessie A. Buchanan, the first African American woman to
be elected to the New York State legislature, joins
the ancestors in New York City. Before her political
career, she was a Broadway star who had leading roles
in "Shuffle Along" and "Showboat."
1986 - Bishop Desmond Tutu becomes the archbishop of Cape Town,
two years after winning the Nobel Peace Prize for his
nonviolent opposition to apartheid in South Africa. As
archbishop, he was the first black to head South
Africa's Anglican church. In 1948, South Africa's white
minority government institutionalized its policy of
racial segregation and white supremacy known as
apartheid--Afrikaans for "apartness." Eighty percent of
the country's land was set aside for white use, and
Black Africans entering this territory required special
passes. Blacks, who had no representation in the
government, were subjected to different labor laws and
educational standards than whites and lived in extreme
poverty while white South Africans prospered.
1987 - Dr. Benjamin S. Carson, a pediatric neurosurgeon at
Johns Hopkins University Hospital, leads a surgical
team that successfully separates Siamese twins who had
been joined at the head.
1994 - U.S. Marines begin training on a Puerto Rican island
amid talk in Washington of a U.S.-led intervention in
Haiti.
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