* Today in Black History - September 13 *
1663 - The first known slave revolt in the thirteen American colonies is
planned in Gloucester County, Virginia. The conspirators, both
white servants and African American slaves, are betrayed by fellow
indentured servants.
1867 - Gen. E.R.S. Canby orders South Carolina courts to impanel African
American jurors.
1881 - Louis Latimer patents an electric lamp with a carbon filament.
1886 - Alain Leroy Locke is born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He will
graduate from Harvard University in 1907 with a degree in
philosophy and become the first African American Rhodes scholar,
studying at Oxford University from 1907-10 and the University of
Berlin from 1910-11. He will receive his Ph.D. in philosophy from
Harvard in 1918. For almost 40 years, until retirement in 1953 as
head of the department of philosophy, Locke will teach at Howard
University, Washington, DC. He will be best known for his
involvement with the Harlem Renaissance, although his work and
influence extend well beyond. Through "The New Negro", published in
1925, Locke popularized and most adequately defined the Renaissance
as a movement in black arts and letters.
1915 - The first historically black and Catholic university for African
Americans in the United States, Xavier University, is founded by
Blessed Katherine Drexel and the religious order she established,
the "Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament," in New Orleans, Louisiana.
1948 - Nell Carter is born in Birmingham, Alabama. She will become a
Broadway sensation as a singer and actress in Broadway's "Bubbling
Brown Sugar", "Ain't Misbehavin' "(for which she will win a
Tony), and for five seasons in television's "Gimme a Break".
1962 - Mississippi Governor Ross R. Barnett defies the federal government
in an impassioned speech on statewide radio-television hookup,
saying he would "interpose" the authority of the state between the
University of Mississippi and federal judges who had ordered the
admission of James H. Meredith. Barnett says, "There is no case in
history where the Caucasian race has survived social integration."
He promises to go to jail, if necessary, to prevent integration at
the state university. His defiance set the stage for the gravest
federal/state crisis since the Civil War.
1962 - President John F. Kennedy denounces the burning of churches in
Georgia and supports voter registration drives in the South.
1965 - Willie Mays hits his 500th career home run.
1967 - Michael Johnson is born in Dallas, Texas. He will become a world
class sprinter, Olympic athlete, and the first person to break 44
(43.65) seconds for the 400-meter run. At the Atlanta Olympics, he
also will become the first man to win the double gold in the 400
and 200 meters.
1971 - Two hundred troopers and officers storm the Attica Correctional
Facility in upstate New York under orders from Governor Nelson
Rockefeller. Thirty-three convicts and ten guards are killed.
Later investigations show that nine of the ten guards were
killed by the storming party. This riot will focus national
attention on corrections departments nationwide and the
practice of imprisonment in the United States. A National
Conference on Corrections will be convened in December, 1971
resulting in the formation of the National Institute of
Corrections in 1974.
1971 - Frank Robinson hits his 500th career home run.
1972 - Two African Americans, Johnny Ford of Tuskegee and A.J. Cooper
of Prichard, are elected mayors in Alabama.
1979 - South Africa grants Venda independence (Not recognized outside
of South Africa). Venda is a homeland situated in the north
eastern part of the Transvaal Province of South Africa.
1981 - Isabel Sanford wins an Emmy award as best comedic actress for
"The Jeffersons".
1989 - Archbishop Desmond Tutu leads huge crowds of singing and dancing
people through central Cape Town in the biggest anti-apartheid
protest march in South Africa for 30 years.
1996 - Rap artist Tupac Shakur joins the ancestors six days after being
the target of a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas at the age of 25.
1998 - Sammy Sosa of the Chicago Cubs hits his 61st and 62nd home runs of
the season, passing Roger Maris' record and pulling into a tie
with St. Louis Cardinals' Mark McGwire in this years home run
derby.
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