* Today in Black History - July 1 *
1863 - The Dutch West Indies abolishes slavery.
1870 - James W. Smith is the first African American to enter The
U.S. Military Academy (West Point).
1873 - Henry O. Flipper of Georgia is the second African American to
enter West Point .
1889 - Frederick Douglass is named minister to Haiti.
1898 - The African American 10th Calvary charges Spanish Forces at
El Caney, Cuba, and relieves Teddy Roosevelt's "Rough Riders."
1899 - Rev. Thomas Andrew Dorsey, "Father of Gospel Music" is born
in Villa Rica, Georgia. Although he will begin touring with
Ma Rainey, he will leave the blues in 1932 to work as a choir
director for Pilgrim Baptist Church. A gospel legend, among
his most popular songs will be "A Little Talk with Jesus."
1915 - Willie Dixon, bassist ("Walkin' the Blues") is born in Vickburg,
Mississippi.
1917 - A three day race riot starts in East St. Louis, Illinois.
Estimates of the number killed ranges from forty to two
hundred. There had been an earlier race riot that occurred
on May 27, 1917. Martial law is declared. A congressional
investigating committee will say, "It is not possible to give
accurately the number of dead. At least thirty-nine Negroes
and eight white people were killed outright, and hundreds of
Negroes were wounded and maimed. 'The bodies of the dead
Negroes,' testified an eye witness, 'were thrown into a morgue
like so many dead hogs.' There were three hundred and twelve
buildings and forty-four railroad freight cars and their
contents destroyed by fire."
1942 - Andrae Crouch, African American sacred music artist, is born.
His most enduring gospel songs will be 'Soon and Very Soon,'
'My Tribute', 'The Blood' and 'Through It All.'
1960 - Ghana becomes a republic. Italian Somalia gains independence,
and unites with the Somali Republic.
1960 - Evelyn "Champagne" King, singer ('Shame,' 'I'm In Love') , is
born in the Bronx, New York City, New York.
1961 - Carl Lewis, track & field athlete who will win eight Olympic
gold medals and eight world championships, is born.
1962 - Burundi & Rwanda gain independence from Belgium.
1976 - Newark mayor Kenneth Gibson is elected as the first African
American president of the U.S. Conference of Mayors.
1991 - Former chairman of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
and judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals, Clarence Thomas is
nominated by President George Bush as associate justice of
the Supreme Court to replace retiring justice Thurgood
Marshall. Thomas' Senate confirmation hearings will be the
most controversial in history and will include charges of
sexual harassment by a former employee, Professor Anita Hill.
1997 - Audrey F. Manley begins her appointment as president of Spelman
College. She is the first alumna of Spelman to be named
president in the college's 116-year history. Formerly acting
surgeon general of the United States, Manley has served in key
leadership positions in the U.S. Public Health Service for the
last 20 years.
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The source for these facts are "Encyclopedia Britannica,
"InfoBeat," "I, Too, Sing America - The African American
Book of Days," "Before the Mayflower", "Black Firsts" and
independent research by the Information Man.
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