* Today in Black History - July 6 *
1853 - A National Black convention meets in Rochester, New York,
with 140 delegates from nine states. James W.C.
Pennington of New York is elected president of this
meeting, generally considered the largest and most
representative of the early African American conventions.
1853 - William Wells Brown publishes "Clotel," the first novel by
an African American.
1854 - The Republican Party is organized to oppose the extension
of slavery.
1864 - John Wesley Gilbert is born in Hepzibah, Georgia to a slave
family. He will attend Paine College and will later earn
B.A. (1888) and M.A. (1891) degrees in Greek at Brown
University. He will be the first African American to
receive a graduate degree from Brown University. While
working on his Masters degree, he will be awarded a
fellowship to attend the American School of Classical
Studies in Athens, Greece in 1890, the first person of
African descent to do so, and will help to draw a map of
Eretria (American Journal of Archaeology, 1891). He will
teach Greek at Paine College in Augusta, Georgia until
he joins the ancestors on November 19, 1923.
1868 - Eighty-five African Americans and 70 white representatives
meet in Columbia, South Carolina, at the opening of the
state's General Assembly. It is the first and last U.S.
legislature with an African American majority.
1869 - African American candidate for Lt. Governor of Virginia,
Dr. J.H. Harris, is defeated by a vote of 120,068 to
99,600.
1930 - Donald McKayle is born in the village of Harlem in New York
City. He will make his debut, at 22, in "Her Name was
Harriet" (a dance tribute to Harriet Tubman) and go on to
dance in or choreograph "House of Flowers", "The Bill Cosby
Special" (1968), the 1970 Academy Awards, the movie version
of "The Great White Hope," and "Sophisticated Ladies" on
Broadway. Named one of "America's Irreplaceable Dance
Treasures" by the Library of Congress and the Dance Heritage
Coalition, he will make his professional debut in 1948 with
New York's New Dance Company and later performed in the
companies of Sophie Maslow, Jean Erdman, Martha Graham,
Merce Cunningham and Anna Sokolow. In addition to "West Side
Story," he will appear in Broadway productions of "Bless
You All" (1950), "House of Flowers" (1954) and "Copper and
Brass" (1957). He will choreograph more than 50 works for
companies in the United States, Europe, Israel and South
America. Early pieces will include the classic "Games" (1950),
which examines the dangers faced by urban schoolchildren, as
well as the popular "Rainbow 'Round My Shoulder" (1959) and
"District Storyville" (1962), which will remain in the repertory
of the Alvin Ailey Company. Following a stint as artistic
director for the Inner City Repertory Dance Company of Los
Angeles, he will return to Broadway, directing "Raisin" (1974),
"Dr. Jazz" (1975) and "Sophisticated Ladies" (1981), the latter
based on the life of Duke Ellington. Other theatrical works will
include "N'Orleans" (1981), a musical play co-written with Toni
Morrison and Dorothea Freitag, "Emperor Jones" (1984) and
"Stardust" (1990). Beginning in the mid-1960s, he will begin to
choreograph dance sequences for film and television. Credits will
include "The Bill Cosby Special" (CBS, 1967), "The Motown Special"
(NBC, 1968), The Great White Hope" (1969), "Bedknobs and
Broomsticks" (1970), "The 49th Annual Academy Awards" (ABC, 1977)
and "The Jazz Singer" (1980), among others. He will direct the
first few episodes of "Good Times" in 1974. His numerous honors
will include five Tony Award nominations; the NAACP Image Award
(for "Sophisticated Ladies"); an Emmy Award nomination; the
Samuel H. Scripps/American Dance Festival Award; the Capezio
Award; the Heritage Award; the Living Legend Award and the Outer
Critics Circle Award. He will serve as professor of dance at the
University of California, Irvine, and maintain relationships with
several distinguished troupes. He will join the ancestors on
April 6, 2018.
1931 - Deloreese Patricia Early is born in Detroit, Michigan. She
will become a singer known as Della Reese. As a teen-ager,
she will tour with gospel great Mahalia Jackson and, at
the age of 18, will form the Meditation Singers and become
the first performer to take gospel music to the casinos of
Las Vegas. She will become the first African American
female to host a daytime television talk show (1969-70)
and will appear in numerous television series, including
"Sanford and Son," "The A-Team" and, on the CBS Television
Network, "Crazy Like a Fox" and "Picket Fences." She will
also star as a series regular in "Charlie & Company" and
"The Royal Family", both on the CBS Network. In September,
1994, she became a regular on the award winning show,
"Touched By An Angel." She will join the ancestors on
November 19, 2017.
1937 - Eugene Drake Dixon is born in Chicago, Illinois. He will become a
a singer, songwriter, music producer and record label executive.
He will be known as Gene Chandler and nicknamed "The Duke of Earl"
or simply "The Duke." He will be known best for his most successful
songs "Duke of Earl" and "Groovy Situation" and his association
with The Dukays, the Impressions and Curtis Mayfield. He will be a
Grammy Hall Of Fame inductee and a winner of both the National
Association of Television and Radio Announcers' (NATRA) "Producer
of the Year" Award and the Rhythm and Blues Foundation's Pioneer
Award. He will also be one of a just a few singers to achieve chart
successes spanning the doo-wop, rhythm and blues, soul, and disco
musical eras, with some Top 40 pop and R&B chart hits between 1961
and 1986. He will be inducted as a performer into the Rhythm and
Blues Music Hall of Fame on August 24, 2014. In 2016, he will become
a "Double Inductee" into the R&B Hall of Fame, having received a
Special Induction as an R&B Music Pioneer.
1957 - Althea Gibson becomes the first African American tennis
player to win a Wimbledon singles title, defeating fellow
American Darlene Hard 6-3, 6-2. She will also team up
with Darlene Hard to win the doubles championship.
1964 - Malawi (then Nyasaland) gains independence from Great
Britain.
1966 - Malawi becomes a republic.
1967 - The Biafran War erupts as Nigerian troops invade. The war
will last more than two years, claiming some 600,000
lives.
1970 - Jason Hunter is born in The Bronx, New York. He will be better
known by his stage name Inspectah Deck, as a rapper, producer,
and actor. He will be a member of the groups Wu-Tang Clan and
Czarface. He will acquire critical praise for his intricate
lyricism, and for his verses on many of the group's most
revered songs. He will grow to become a producer in his own
right, taking up tracks for fellow Wu rappers and his own
projects.
1971 - Louis Armstrong joins the ancestors in Corona, Queens, in
New York City. Armstrong had been one of the most popular
and influential jazz musicians since his 1929 hit "Ain't
Misbehavin" and had enjoyed an immensely successful
performing and recording career.
1975 - Curtis James Jackson III is born in Queens, New York. He will be
known professionally as 50 Cent as a rapper, singer, songwriter,
actor, television producer, entrepreneur, and investor. He will
begin selling drugs at age twelve during the 1980s crack epidemic.
He will later begin pursuing a musical career and in 2000 he will
produce "Power of the Dollar" for Columbia Records, but days
before the planned release, he will be shot and the album will
never be released. In 2002, after he releases the compilation
album "Guess Who's Back?," he will be discovered by Eminem and
signed to Shady Records, under the aegis of Dr. Dre's Aftermath
Entertainment and Interscope Records. With the aid of Eminem and
Dr. Dre (who will produce his first major-label album, "Get Rich or
Die Tryin'"), he will become one of the world's best selling
rappers and will rise to prominence with East Coast hip hop group
G-Unit (which he will lead de facto). In 2003, he will found G-Unit
Records, signing his G-Unit associates Young Buck, Lloyd Banks and
Tony Yayo. He will have similar commercial and critical success with
his second album, "The Massacre," which will be released in 2005. He
will release his fifth studio album, "Animal Ambition," in 2014 and
will work on his sixth studio album, "Street King Immortal." He will
executive is produce and star in the show "Power," which will air on
Starz. During his career, he will sell over 30 million albums
worldwide and win several awards, including a Grammy Award, thirteen
Billboard Music Awards, six World Music Awards, three American Music
Awards and four BET Awards. He will pursue an acting career, appearing
in the semi-autobiographical film "Get Rich or Die Tryin'" (2005), the
Iraq War film, "Home of the Brave" (2006) and "Righteous Kill" (2008).
50 Cent will be ranked the sixth-best artist of the 2000s and the third-
best rapper (behind Eminem and Nelly) by Billboard. Rolling Stone will
consider "Get Rich or Die Tryin'" and "In da Club" to be in their lists
of "100 Best albums of the 2000s" and "100 Best songs of the 2000s" at
numbers 37 and 13 respectively.
1975 - The Comoros Islands declare independence from France. The
deputies of Mayotte refuse, and thus that island nation
remains under French control. The official languages in
Comoros are Arabic and French, but the vernacular is a
Comorian variant of Swahili. It is an island nation
located in the Indian Ocean near Madagascar approximately
250 miles off the coast of Africa.
1978 - Tia Dashon Mowry-Hardrict is born in Geinhausen, West Germany. She will
become an actress. She will first gain recognition for her starring role as
Tia Landry in the sitcom "Sister, Sister" (1994-1999), opposite her
identical twin sister Tamera Mowry. The sisters will then star together in
the Disney Channel Original Movie Twitches (2005) and its sequel, "Twitches
Too" (2007). They will also be featured in the reality series Tia & Tamera
(2011-2013). She will voice Sasha in the computer animated series "Bratz"
(2005-2006). She will star as medical student Melanie Barnett in the comedy-
drama series "The Game" (2006-2015) and Stephanie Phillips in the sitcom
"Instant Mom" (2013-2015). She will have starring roles in the fantasy comedy
film "Seventeen Again" (2000), the teen comedy film "The Hot Chick" (2002),
the musical comedy film "The Mistle-Tones" (2012), the romantic comedy film
"Baggage Claim" (2013), and the drama film "Indivisible" (2018). She and her
sister, Tamera, will form a singing group in the early 1990s called Voices.
The group will debut their first single, "Yeah, Yeah, Yeah!", in 1992 and
chart No.72 on the Billboard Hot 100.
1978 - Tamera Darvette Mowry-Housley is born in Geinhausen, West Germany. She will
become an actress. She will first gain fame for her teen role as Tamera
Campbell on the ABC/WB sitcom "Sister, Sister" (opposite her identical twin
sister Tia Mowry). She will also star in the Disney Channel Original Movie
"Twitches" and its sequel, "Twitches Too," and she will play Dr. Kayla
Thornton on the medical drama "Strong Medicine." A reality TV show following
her and her twin sister's lives, "Tia & Tamera," will begin airing on the
Style Network in 2011, ending in 2013 after three seasons. She is one of the
hosts of the syndicated daytime talk show, "The Real," alongside Loni Love,
Adrienne Houghton, and Jeannie Mai, which will premier on July 15, 2013. She
and her identical twin sister Tia Mowry will be in a singing group in the
early 1990s called Voices. The group will debut their first single, "Yeah,
Yeah, Yeah!" in 1992 and chart No.72 on the Billboard Hot 100.
1979 - Kevin Darnell Hart is born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He will become a
stand-up comedian, actor, and producer. He will begin his career by winning
several amateur comedy competitions at clubs throughout New England, culminating
in his first real break in 2001 when he is cast by Judd Apatow for a recurring
role on the TV series "Undeclared." The series will last only one season, but he
soon will land other roles in films such as "Paper Soldiers" (2002), "Scary
Movie 3" (2003), "Soul Plane" (2004), "In the Mix" (2005), and "Little Fockers"
(2010). His comedic reputation will continue to grow with the release of his
first stand-up album, "I'm a Grown Little Man" (2008), and performances in the
films "Think Like a Man" (2012), "Grudge Match" (2013), "Ride Along" (2014) and
its sequel "Ride Along 2" (2016), "About Last Night" (2014), "Get Hard" (2015),
"Central Intelligence" (2016), "The Secret Life of Pets" (2016), "Captain
Underpants: The First Epic Movie" (2017), "Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle" (2017),
and "Night School" (2018). He will also release four more comedy albums,
"Seriously Funny" in 2010, "Laugh at My Pain" in 2011, "Let Me Explain" in 2013,
and "What Now?" in 2016. In 2015, Time Magazine will name him one of the 100 most
influential people in the world on the annual Time 100 list. He will star as
himself in the lead role of "Real Husbands of Hollywood."
1984 - Michael Jackson and his brothers start their "Victory Tour"
in Kansas City, Missouri's Arrowhead Stadium. The tour
turns out to be a victory for the Jacksons when the
nationwide concert tour concludes months later.
1990 - Jesse Owens is honored on a stamp issued by the U.S. Postal
Service. Owens was a four-time Olympic gold medal winner
in the 1936 Summer Games in Berlin.
2000 - Zion Lateef Williamson is born in Salisbury, North Carolina. He will become a
professional basketball player for the New Orleans Pelicans of the National
Basketball Association (NBA). He will play the small forward and power forward
positions. Following a dominant freshman-year stint with the Duke Blue Devils,
he will be selected by the Pelicans first overall in the 2019 NBA Draft. He
will attend Spartanburg Day School, where he will be a consensus five-star
recruit and be ranked among the top five players in the 2018 class. He will
lead his team to three straight state championships and earn South Carolina Mr.
Basketball recognition in his senior season. He will also leave high school as
a McDonald's All-American, runner-up for Mr. Basketball USA, and USA Today
All-USA first team honoree. In high school, he will draw national attention for
his slam dunks. In his freshman and only season with Duke, he will be named ACC
Player of the Year and ACC Rookie of the Year. He will set the single-game school
scoring record for freshmen in January 2019, claiming ACC Rookie of the Week
accolades five times, earning AP Player of the Year, Sporting News College Player
of the Year recognition, and winning the Wayman Tisdale Award. He will be the
first player born in the 2000s to be drafted into the NBA.
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