* Today in Black History - August 31 *
1935 - Eldridge Cleaver is born in Wabaseka, Arkansas. He will join
the Black Panther Party in 1967, becoming its Minister of
Information and putting together The Black Panther
newspaper. He will be the 1968 Presidential candidate for
the Peace and Freedom Party. He and another Panther member,
will be assaulted by police in 1968 (Cleaver is arrested).
He and Kathleen Cleaver, his wife and a Panther leader in
her own right, flee the country, eventually founding the
Panther's international branch in Algeria before moving to
France. Cleaver split from the Party in 1971, forming his
own version of the organization with several Party chapters
switching from Bobby Seale to him. Cleaver will return to
the United States in the late 1970's as a born-again
Christian and a republican. He will spend his later years
as a conservative idealist concerned with the environment,
and will join the ancestors on May 1, 1998 at the age of
62.
1935 - Frank Robinson is born in Beaumont, Texas. He will become a
professional baseball player. He will play for five teams
from 1956 to 1976, and become the only player to win league
MVP honors in both the National and American Leagues. He
will win the Triple crown (a batter who leads either the
National or American leagues in batting average, home runs,
and runs batted in (RBI) over a full regular season), be a
member of two teams that win the World Series (the 1966 and
1970 Baltimore Orioles), and amass the fourth-most career
home runs at the time of his retirement (he is currently
ninth). He will be elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in
1982. He will be the first African American hired to serve
as manager in Major League history. He will manage the
Cleveland Indians during the last two years of his playing
career, compiling a 186–189 record. He will also manage
the San Francisco Giants, the Baltimore Orioles, and the
Montreal Expos/Washington Nationals. In his later years he
will be the honorary President of the American League.
1936 - Marva Collins is born in Monroeville, Alabama. She will
become an innovative educator who uses her pension funds
to open Westside Preparatory School in Chicago, dedicated
to reverse the educational decline in the city's African
American neighborhoods. Collins' motto for the school is
"entrance to learn, exit to serve."
1943 - The USS Harmon, a destroyer escort, is launched. It is
named after Mess Attendant 1st Class Leonard H. Harmon, a
1942 Navy Cross recipient. It is the first United States
warship named for an African American.
1958 - Edwin Corley Moses, track star (hurdler, Olympic-gold-
1984), is born in Dayton, Ohio. He will be referred to as
"the greatest hurdler in the history of track and field"
for his 122 consecutive wins in the 400 meter hurdles
(spanned eleven years and 22 countries).
1962 - Joint independence is granted to Trinidad and Tobago by
Great Britain.
1983 - Brigadier General Hazel W. Johnson retires from the Army
Nurse Corps. She is the first African American woman to
achieve the rank of Brigadier General and the first
African American to be chief of the Army Nurse Corps.
1983 - Edwin Moses of the United States sets the 400 meter hurdle
record (47.02) in Koblenz, Germany.
1984 - Pinklin Thomas defeats Tim Witherspoon for the WBC
heavyweight boxing title.
1990 - Nat (Sweetwater) Clifton, former New York Knickerbocker
star, joins the ancestors after succumbing to a heart
attack at the age of 65.
1991 - KQEC-TV of San Francisco begins broadcasting under new
owners, the Minority Television Project. It is the
second minority-owned public television station.
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