*		Today in Black History - October 25           *

1806 - Benjamin Banneker joins the ancestors at the age of 74 
	in Ellicott Mills, Maryland.  Banneker was a self-
	taught mathematician and builder (at age 21) of the 
	first striking clock built in the United States.  An 
	amateur astronomer, Banneker's calculations for solar
	and lunar eclipses appeared in 29 editions of his 
	almanacs, published from 1792 to 1797. 

1915 - Attorney James L. Curtis is named minister to Liberia.

1926 - Crisis magazine, led by editor W.E.B. DuBois, awards its
	first prizes in literature and art.  Among the winners 
	will be Arna Bontemps' poem "Nocturne at Bethesda," 
	Countee Cullen's poem "Thoughts in a Zoo," Aaron 
	Douglas' painting "African Chief" and a portrait by 
	Hale Woodruff. 

1940 - The Committee on the Participation of Negroes in the 
	National Defense Program met with President Roosevelt.

1940 - The National Newspaper Publishers Association is 
	founded. 

1940 - The Spingarn Medal is presented to Dr. Louis T. Wright 
	for his civil rights leadership and his contributions 
	as a surgeon.

1940 - Benjamin Oliver Davis, Sr. is promoted to Brigadier 
	General, the first African American to attain that rank
	in the United States Army or any other branch of the 
	Armed Forces.

1958 - Ten thousand students, led by Jackie Robinson, Harry 
	Belfonte and A. Phillip Randolph, participate in the 
	Youth March for integrated schools in Washington, DC.  

1958 - Daisy Bates, head of the Arkansas chapter of the NAACP, 
	and the nine students who integrated Little Rocks's 
	Central High School are awarded the Spingarn Medal for
	their courage and leadership in the civil rights 
	struggle.

1962 - Uganda is admitted as the 110th member of the United 
	Nations.

1968 - The city of Chicago officially recognizes Jean Baptiste
	Pointe du Sable as its first settler.

1973 - Abebe Bikila, Ethiopian marathoner who won the Olympic 
	Gold Medal in 1960 and 1964, joins the ancestors at 
	the age of 46.

1976 - Clarence "Willie" Norris, the last surviving member of 
	the nine Scottsboro Boys, who were convicted in 1931 
	of the alleged rape of two white women on a freight 
	train, is pardoned by Governor George Wallace.  Norris
	had spent 15 years in prison and had been a fugitive 
	fleeing parole in Alabama in 1946. 

1983 - Mary Francis Berry, professor of history and law at 
	Howard University, and two other members of the Civil 
	Rights Commission are fired by President Ronald Reagan.
	Considered a champion of minority concerns on the 
	Commission, Berry will charge the administration with 
	attempting to "shut up" criticism. She will later sue 
	and be reinstated. 

1983 - The United States and six other Caribbean nations 
	invade the island nation of Grenada.

1988 - Two units of the Ku Klux Klan and eleven individuals 
	are ordered to pay $1 million to African Americans who
	were attacked during a brotherhood rally in 
	predominately white Forsythe County, Georgia.  

1990 - Evander Holyfield knocks out James "Buster" Douglas in 
	the third round of their twelve-round fight to become
	the undisputed world heavyweight champion.  
	Holyfield's record stood at 25-0, with 21 knockouts. 

1997 - The Million Woman March, organized by grass root sisters,
	led by Sister Phile Chionesu and Sister Asia Coney, 
	takes place in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.  The event 
	is attended by 1.3 million attendees (300,000 to 1 
	million according to Philadelphia officials).  The MWM
	had been promoted by word of mouth and avoided 
	traditional media and mainstream groups, such as 
	sororities and many civil rights groups.  Sis. Chionesu
	calls the march "a declaration of independence from 
	ignorance, poverty, enslavement, and all the things 
	that have happened to us that has helped to bring about
	the confusion and disharmony that we experience with 
	one another."

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