*                    Today in Black History - August 12                  *

1890 - The Mississippi Constitutional Convention begins systematic
        exclusion of African Americans from political life of the South,
        August 12-November 1.  The Mississippi Plan (Literacy and
        "understanding tests") is later adopted with embellishments by
        other states: South Carolina (1895), Louisiana (1898), North
        Carolina (1900), Alabama (1901), Virginia (1901), Georgia (1908),
        Oklahoma (1910).  Southern states will later use "white primaries"
        and other devices to exclude African American voters.

1891 - Lillian Evans is born in Washington, DC.  As Damme Lillian Evanti
        (a contraction of her maiden name and that of her husband, Roy W.
        Tibbs), she will become a world-famous opera star who debuts in
        France with the Paris Opera and performs in the United States and
        11 countries on three continents. She will also become one of the
        founders of the National Negro Opera Company.

1922 - Frederick Douglass' home in Washington, DC is dedicated as a
        National Historic Site. The effort is lead my Nannie Burroughs,
        Hallie Q. Brown, and other members of the National Association
        of Colored Women's Clubs.

1923 - Ophelia DeVore-Mitchell is born in Edgefield, South Carolina.
        She will be a pioneering force in opening the modeling field to
        African Americans through her founding of the Grace Del Marco
        Model Agency and the Ophelia DeVore School of Self-Development
        and Modeling.

1933 - Camille Billops is born in Los Angeles, California. She will become
        a painter, archivist, sculptor, ceramist, and filmmaker and have
        solo exhibitions in the United States, Russia, Europe, Africa,
        and the Far East.

1960 - Ralph Boston of the United States, sets the long jump record at
        26' 11".

1964 - A racially motivated disturbance occurs in Elizabeth, New Jersey
        and lasts for two days.

1965 - A racially motivated disturbance occurs on the west side of Chicago,
        Illinois and will last three days.

1965 - Jonathan M. Daniels, a white Episcopal seminary student from
        Massachusetts, is killed and Richard F. Morrisroe, a white
        Roman Catholic priest from Chicago, is seriously wounded by
        shotgun blasts fired by white special deputy sheriffs in
        Hayneville, Alabama.  They were participating in civil rights
        demonstrations in Lowndes County, Alabama.

1977 - Stephen Biko, leader of the Black Consciousness Movement in
        South Africa, is arrested.  He will join the ancestors after
        succumbing to injuries from beatings after his arrest in police
        custody.

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