*                   Today in Black History - October 11              *

1864 - Slavery is abolished in Maryland.

1865 - Jamaican national hero, Paul Bogle leads a successful protest
        march to the Morant Bay Courthouse.  Poverty and injustice in
        Jamaican society and lack of public confidence in the central
        authority had urged Paul Bogle to lead the march.  A violent
        confrontation with official forces will follow the march,
        resulting in the death of nearly 500 people.  Many others will
        be flogged and punished before order is restored.  Paul Bogle
        will be captured and hanged on October 24, 1865.  His forceful
        demonstration will pave the way for the establishment of just
        practices in the courts and bring about a change in official
        attitude, making possible the social and economic betterment of
        the Jamaican people.

1882 - R. Nathaniel Dett, is born in Ontario, Canada.  He will become
        an acclaimed concert pianist, composer, arranger, and choral
        conductor.  He will receive his musical education at the Oliver
        Willis Halstead Conservatory in Lockport, NY, Oberlin College
        (BM, 1908, composition and piano), and the Eastman School of
        Music (MM, 1938).  He will become President of the National
        Association of Negro Musicians from 1924-1926.  His teaching
        tenures will include Lane College in Tennessee, Lincoln Institute
        in Missouri, Bennett College in North Carolina, and Hampton
        Institute in Virginia.  It will be at Hampton Institute that he
        develops the choral ensembles which will receive international
        acclaim and recognition.

1887 - A. Miles registers a patent on an elevator.

1919 - Art Blakey is born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.  Blakey, a jazz
        drummer credited as one of the creators of bebop, will be best
        known as the founder of the Jazz Messengers. The band will
        become a proving ground for some of the best modern jazz
        musicians, including Horace Silver, Hank Mobely, Freddie
        Hubbard, Wayne Shorter, Sonny Rollins, Wynton Marsalis, and
        Branford Marsalis.

1939 - Coleman Hawkins records his famous "Body and Soul" in New York
        City.

1939 - The NAACP organizes the Education and Legal Defense Fund.

1972 - A major prison uprising occurs at the Washington, DC jail.

1976 - The United Nations Day of Solidarity with South Africa is
        declared by the membership of the United Nations.  A special
        day of solidarity is observed with the numerous political
        prisoners who are being held in South Africa.

1980 - Billy Thomas joins the ancestors after a heart attack in Los
        Angeles, California.  He was an actor, most notable as the third
        child to portray Buckwheat in the Our Gang comedies, a role he
        played in some 80 episodes of the popular film series.

1985 - President Reagan bans the importation of South African gold
        coins known as Krugerrands.

1994 - U.S. troops in Haiti take over the National Palace.

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