<<Disclaimer: Verify this information before applying it to your situation.>> Since initially posting the recipe for the Killer Brownies I have received several requests for clarification of the flour used and the amount of Xanthan Gum used. The GF flour mix, taken from Bette Hagman's books, consists of the following ratios: 6 cups white rice flour 2 cups potato starch flour (aka potato starch, according to some recent posts) 1 cup tapioca flour I used approximately 1 teaspoon of Xanthan Gum, roughly estimating 1 teaspoon per cup of flour. However, on page 17 of "More from the Gluten-Free Gourmet" by B. Hagman, the following statement is made: "...and add xanthan gum in a ratio of a little less than 1 teaspoon to a cup of flour in breads, 1/2 teaspoon to a cup of flour in cakes and muffins, and none in most cookies..." Lest I get in trouble for violating a copyright, that statement is basically the direction I had for the amount of XG to use. I may attempt them without XG in the future, treating them as cookies, and seeing what happens. Either way I *will* eat them! (Quite good with vanilla ice cream and chocolate syrup, I might add) By the way, I have found Bette Hagman's books to be very informative regarding different flours available (more than the ones mentioned above) and when the use of alternate flours will enhance a recipe (and her books have much more than bread and dessert recipes). I am just starting out with the basics right now and haven't tried my brownies with other GF flours, but they would probably work with about anything given the overwhelming quantity of the other, more important stuff (like sugar, butter, and cocoa!) Again, I am happy to answer any questions regarding this recipe. Enjoy! -- Margaret Pratt E-mail: [log in to unmask] Toxicology Program http://www.orst.edu/~prattm/ Oregon State University