Great effort Burama. Except that there is no "legitimate" elected majority in Banjul. The elections that put Yahya in office and his house of Parliament are flawed, deceptive and non representative of anything that resembles democracy. That's the difference. We shall get together again for more discussions. Have a great evening. Demba On Wed, Dec 4, 2013 at 12:51 PM, Burama Jammeh <[log in to unmask]>wrote: > Again - am not going to debate American system. I think i have a fair > understanding. > > My point is - if a majority can change rules at will….then there is no > rules. Especially if they already have a package those changes will help > deliver. > > Then I stretched that to Banjul…..that, thats exactly what Yahya and all > African dictators do. If your position is that this is a good practice then > I suppose you have no case against Yahya > > That’s my point and that’s the example I used. > > Thanks though! > > Burama > > > On Dec 4, 2013, at 3:34 PM, Demba Baldeh <[log in to unmask]> wrote: > > Democracy does not exist in a vacuum. It is a system that allows two or > more sides to context on issues and any party that prevails has the mandate > to pass laws and formulate policies with or without the minority that > allows the nation to move forward. Question "does democratic institutions > you are advocating for Gambia exist in the United States? If yes, then why > couldn't they be allowed to work? > > The founding fathers of the US constitution established both provisions of > super majority and what they call nuclear option. What do you think was the > essence of the provision to use the "nuclear option"? Super majority was > created to allow majority representatives to consent to passing > legislation. When that is not attainment due to blatant obstruction - the > constitution allows the majority to use the nuclear option to pass laws and > confirm government appointees. If what the Democrats did was a violation of > the constitution then the supreme court is the highest place to decide... > Hope that is clear. > > Demba > > > On Wed, Dec 4, 2013 at 11:23 AM, Burama Jammeh <[log in to unmask]>wrote: > >> My position is and has always defend democracy and democratic principles. >> >> If Democratic Party can justify changing rules midstream so they can get >> things done as they wish……How’s that different from Jammeh and his cohorts >> changing laws/rules as they wish. They also advance reason(s). Regardless >> both are WRONG! >> >> You seem to buy into Democratic Party reason but no to that of Yahya. The >> 2 are the same and both butchered democracy at its core. Please reference >> their (Democratic Party) videos on the same exact issue when they were in >> the minority. What changed today - they’re the majority and want to prevail >> in all/most of their agenda. >> >> A Side issue to my point:….even if the current congress failed to do >> anything because they could not agree….this is democracy at work. The >> American voters elects them in that proportion. If they did not like the >> outcome, they will/can change it at next election. >> >> Again am not that concern with what an American politician do/did except >> how it may impact the global survival of democracy. I was making a point to >> our struggle if politicians in a mature democracy like US can shred >> democracy to get their way. …..We have lot to learn from how cynical people >> can be……hence our answers should lay on building institutions that can >> resist such cynicism. >> >> Back to the point….whether is US or Gambia…..majority shouldn’t change >> rules midstream to get things their way, especially if they hold current >> policy prepositions that were opposed by the other sides. In fact if that >> would hold….there is no need for rules - let the majority do as they wish. >> It’s wrong in Banjul! It’s wrong in Washington! It’s wrong anywhere on the >> face of the earth. >> >> Probably you perceived Republican members of Congress the same as Yahya >> perceived Opposition members of National Assembly…. >> >> Let democracy ring - thick or thin! >> >> Burama >> >> On Dec 4, 2013, at 12:49 PM, Demba Baldeh <[log in to unmask]> wrote: >> >> Now Burama you are sounding more sympathetic to Jammeh. Something you >> genuinely work so hard to avoid in your writings. Watch the lines least you >> risk coming across as a Jammeh defender.. That's the line the APRC folks >> are using. "It is passed by the parliament" Whose Parliament is >> it????????????????just saying. >> >> Demba >> >> >> On Wed, Dec 4, 2013 at 9:46 AM, Burama Jammeh <[log in to unmask]>wrote: >> >>> Haruna >>> >>> All your points are good yet not addressing my specific point. >>> >>> The Democratic Party change rules midstream is no difference than Yahya >>> and/or any other dictator changing rules.Constitution/laws/standing orders >>> etc. Obama and the Democratic Party give reasons….so too Yahya or those >>> dictators give reasons for their decisions. This is no good practice >>> regardless to country/continent. >>> >>> I can’t reason how we think Obama’s is justified but Yahya’s not! In >>> both cases is corrupting democracy. >>> >>> Burama >>> >>> On Dec 4, 2013, at 11:49 AM, Haruna <[log in to unmask]> wrote: >>> >>> In democratic governance, there are several branches of governance, >>> working in concert amid branch cordons, oft confluent. Ergo the need for >>> coalitions here and there. >>> >>> Constitutions guide the concert of governance, NOT branch administrative >>> RULES. >>> >>> There is NO other branch of governance in Gambia save for the executive. >>> >>> In the US, the executive branch is responsible for governance. >>> >>> The congress is responsible for legislation and advise & consent on the >>> executive's governance. >>> >>> In America, the judiciary interpretes law and provides a check on the >>> legislature and the executive. >>> >>> In gambia, Yahya makes, interpretes, and implements law, provides a >>> check on the executive, legislature, and judiciary. >>> >>> In Gambia Yahya cannot be prosecuted for his crimes. >>> >>> In America, the executive, legislature, and judiciary will, and they >>> know they will, be prosecuted for any crimes they commit. >>> >>> Happy holidays Burama. >>> >>> Haruna. >>> >>> -----Original Message----- >>> From: Burama Jammeh <[log in to unmask]> >>> To: GAMBIA-L <[log in to unmask]> >>> Sent: Wed, Dec 4, 2013 9:28 am >>> Subject: Re: Democracy or Dictatorship >>> >>> Again my point is not answered. >>> >>> There is no difference Yahya changing the constitution with his >>> parliamentary majority to Democratic changing rules of Senate with their >>> majority. The end result produced what one wants rather than battling it >>> through the rigor of democratic processes. >>> >>> On the question of election verdict in America. This is exactly my >>> point. Those Republican were equally elected by those who elected Obama but >>> for a different role. Hence they’re no obstructionists and voters will have >>> another crack to vote them out if they disapprove their performance. That’s >>> the system and every American president faces it in some form. My point - >>> is undemocratic to begin to change rule midstream especially those you >>> vehemently argued against just few years ago. >>> >>> To end, what happen in American politics doesn’t trouble me much; but >>> only as it relates to the global survival of democracy. I only highlight >>> these issues to make a connection to Gambia and African politics by >>> extension. That is if a mature democracy like America will resort to such >>> power grabbing tactics because of difficult/hostile opposition……what should >>> we expect of a guy like Yahya who promised to bury them 6ft below the >>> surface of earth. >>> >>> I understand some people’s public/private allegiance to the Democratic >>> Party/Obama> I also understand the preference of many on the political >>> positions of that party on many issues that of of direct interest to >>> us...….yet what is wrong is always wrong no matter who/what. >>> >>> Take a look at the videos of Obama/Biden/Hillary/Pelosi, etc in their >>> own words then and now. Equally take a look at Yahya’s words on unchecked >>> power, term limit and we will not allowed dictatorship in Gambia - >>> then/now. It makes you think that everyone is smitten with power >>> whenever/wherever possible. The differences lie on the degree at which >>> democratic institutions function as should. >>> >>> There is no difference if Obama as head of the ruling party corrupt >>> democratic checks/balances to when Yahya those one. Let me make it >>> clear….am not comparing the 2 by any means. My point is limited to the >>> current executive/congress relationship and the recent changing of some >>> rules. >>> >>> Appreciate your views though! >>> >>> Burama >>> >>> >>> On Dec 3, 2013, at 9:07 PM, Haruna <[log in to unmask]> wrote: >>> >>> Thanks Demba, I think you explain my views a bit clearer than I did. I >>> think Burama's comparison of what obtains in America to what obtains in >>> Gambia is a bit off quilter. Rules of the Senate and or the House are >>> simply that - administrative guidelines for debate and pannafore. It is >>> interesting to note that in the House where the "minority" holds sway, no >>> majority topics are debated much less voted on. And of the "minority" bills >>> that are deliberated on and passed, none of them is of any constitutional >>> consequence. E.g. - What to name a House building, state community >>> cul-de-sac, or how to rename a bill passed a century ago, or get this: how >>> to plan to repeal National Healthcare Law!!!!!! >>> >>> Best wishes for the holidays to both of you. Gentlemen all. >>> >>> Haruna. >>> >>> -----Original Message----- >>> From: Demba Baldeh <[log in to unmask]> >>> To: GAMBIA-L <[log in to unmask]> >>> Sent: Tue, Dec 3, 2013 2:48 pm >>> Subject: Re: Democracy or Dictatorship >>> >>> Thanks Haruna. I can't agree with you more on your majority/minority >>> cooperation to work together. One good turn deserves another... If you are >>> in majority office today you are certain to be in the minority down the >>> road. So it makes perfect sense and fulfill the principles of democracy to >>> allow a majority to legislate with the cooperation of the minority. >>> Democracy is defeated when Minority seek to block anything and I mean >>> anything the majority wants to do. It is ironical that they try to impose >>> their will on the people while discarding the will of the majority. >>> >>> As for Burama's position, I am in agreement with you. Just because no >>> one has yet to come up with a solution to remove Yahya in power does not >>> negate the efforts being made. Every Gambian is being challenged to come up >>> with ideas and or solutions to change the system. Since Yahya is not >>> capable of changing and will not compromise on anything other than his way, >>> we have limited options but to force change. I know that we can't wait for >>> another 20 years while we try to build democratic movements in the >>> Diaspora. It is simply putting the cart before the horse. >>> >>> I encourage the conversation though and hope we can find a solution >>> sooner rather than later. >>> >>> Thanks >>> >>> Demba >>> >>> >>> On Tue, Dec 3, 2013 at 6:29 AM, Haruna <[log in to unmask]> wrote: >>> >>>> Demba and Burama, >>>> >>>> While I am sympathetic to your two views: Majority Rule and Consensus >>>> Rule >>>> >>>> It appears the two views are at loggerheads as is to be expected. >>>> Without commenting on what Democracy is at this time (my book, coming soon, >>>> DEMOCRATICA - A Lifestyle Synthesis shares a definition for democracy), the >>>> two views of Majority Rule and Consensus Rule provide a recipe for for >>>> impasse, acrimony, and obstructionism particularly among African polity. >>>> >>>> For effective and efficient governance, there is a happy medium >>>> luckily. This happy medium is so because in elections, we cannot readily >>>> discern the motivations or desires of our fellows for governance. (I shy >>>> away from the word rule because it connotes tyranny). So after the >>>> "Majority" wins an election, they will still need a sizable majority of the >>>> minority for any meaningful and effective governance. It will therefore be >>>> imperative to not only include members from the minority in governance >>>> cabinets, it is crucial to constantly reach out to the minority for their >>>> participation in policy conferences and development. What I am sharing is >>>> the value of coalition-making around issues rather than belonging to >>>> particular political parties that vied in the election. It is to be >>>> expected that the victorious party will form the majority of office-holders >>>> but great effort must be made to include members of minority parties who >>>> share similar visions for the nation or community. When this is done, >>>> governance by coalitions around pertinent issues for the people becomes >>>> effortless. >>>> >>>> Furthermore, and after elections, the people must always be encouraged >>>> to participate in their own governance. Decentralized policy meetings, >>>> debates, conferences, workshops, etc., will go a long way to achieving that >>>> goal. >>>> >>>> I must share here that Burama's idea of having a prospective governance >>>> mechanism or government in place before we remove Yahya is both >>>> unproductive ad ill-advised. It will lead to political encampment and an >>>> air of elitism that will only invite counter-coups. That was what plagued >>>> for a long time, and continues to plague Nigeria and Liberia. One person's >>>> objections must never be allowed to scupper national governance either. >>>> >>>> Thank you both for your indulgence. >>>> >>>> Haruna. >>>> >>>> -----Original Message----- >>>> From: dbaldeh <[log in to unmask]> >>>> To: GAMBIA-L <[log in to unmask]> >>>> Sent: Tue, Dec 3, 2013 4:32 am >>>> Subject: Re: Democracy or Dictatorship >>>> >>>> Interesting Burama. So in your case here election of a president is >>>> meaningless. They cannot govern because the minority party does not like >>>> him or his policies. >>>> >>>> I tell you what is an obstruction. It is when an idea can be passed >>>> into law by the majority and one person block it. It is when your party >>>> come up with an idea, it is accepted by the opposing party and you now >>>> oppose it because you don't like the president. It is opposing things you >>>> supported when your party was in power and now you oppose. >>>> >>>> Democracy is about majority rule right. Then let the winner of the >>>> elections govern. >>>> >>>> Thanks >>>> Demba >>>> >>>> >>>> From my Android phone on T-Mobile. The first nationwide 4G network. >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> -------- Original message -------- >>>> From: Burama FL Jammeh <[log in to unmask]> >>>> Date: 12/02/2013 3:27 PM (GMT-08:00) >>>> To: [log in to unmask] >>>> Subject: [G_L] Democracy or Dictatorship >>>> >>>> >>>> Active National Assembly/'Obstructionists' National Assembly vs Rubber >>>> Stamping National Assembly! >>>> >>>> The excuse and political low blow in America today. When a politician >>>> did not get his/her way, s/he blamed the other as obstructionist....as if >>>> that person is not elected representative of the people >>>> >>>> No wonder African leaders such as Yahya Jammeh, override our >>>> representatives and/or ask them to stamp his will at will, where there >>>> exist no functioning institutions of democracy. >>>> >>>> Where America's political class is everyday looking for ways to by-pass >>>> democratic checks.....one should be very suspicious of anybody in or vying >>>> for power. >>>> >>>> It appear when people assume power they ran out of sanity before their >>>> back hit the backrest of the chair. >>>> >>>> As Senator Obama argued vehemently Republican treat to do-away with 225 >>>> year Senate Super Majority Rule (60 votes) used for many confirmations and >>>> legislature. Two weeks ago his party did just that for judicial >>>> confirmations (excluding supreme court) with his endorsement........they >>>> claimed because Republican legislature are obstructionists. >>>> >>>> Amazing to see Obama, Baden, Hilary, Pelosi and Reid on video in 2006/7 >>>> arguing against what they supported toady. Uncheck power mixed with human >>>> nature is toxic >>>> >>>> I have no reason to root for either party......but this time the party >>>> in power has thrown a fundamental (voice of the minority) of democracy >>>> under the bus. >>>> >>>> Some of these actions of man made me reason we should not put our >>>> struggle on the back of any one person.....The end result of such effort >>>> will produce another tyranny. >>>> >>>> The answer is the majority of our people has to have a requisite >>>> capacity to live a life of democracy. Some of these changes are possible in >>>> today's America because such human capacity is low mainly through >>>> complacency of citizens. >>>> >>>> My thoughts! >>>> >>>> Burama >>>> >>>> ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ >>>> To unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the >>>> Gambia-L Web interface >>>> at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html >>>> >>>> To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to: >>>> http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l >>>> To contact the List Management, please send an e-mail to: >>>> [log in to unmask] >>>> ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ >>>> ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ To >>>> unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the Gambia-L Web >>>> interface at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html >>>> To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to: >>>> http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l To contact >>>> the List Management, please send an e-mail to: >>>> [log in to unmask]¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ >>>> ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ To >>>> unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the Gambia-L Web >>>> interface at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html >>>> To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to: >>>> http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l To contact >>>> the List Management, please send an e-mail to: >>>> [log in to unmask]¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ >>>> >>> >>> >>> >>> -- >>> *"Be the change you want to see in the World"* >>> ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ To >>> unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the Gambia-L Web >>> interface at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html >>> To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to: >>> http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l To contact >>> the List Management, please send an e-mail to: >>> [log in to unmask]¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ >>> ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ To >>> unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the Gambia-L Web >>> interface at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html >>> To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to: >>> http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l To contact >>> the List Management, please send an e-mail to: >>> [log in to unmask]¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ >>> >>> >>> ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ To >>> unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the Gambia-L Web >>> interface at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html >>> To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to: >>> http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l To contact >>> the List Management, please send an e-mail to: >>> [log in to unmask]¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ >>> ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ To >>> unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the Gambia-L Web >>> interface at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html >>> >>> To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to: >>> http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l To contact >>> the List Management, please send an e-mail to: >>> [log in to unmask]¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ >>> >>> >>> ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ To >>> unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the Gambia-L Web >>> interface at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html >>> >>> To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to: >>> http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l To contact >>> the List Management, please send an e-mail to: >>> [log in to unmask]¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ >>> >> >> >> >> -- >> *"Be the change you want to see in the World"* >> ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ To >> unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the Gambia-L Web >> interface at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html >> >> To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to: >> http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l To contact >> the List Management, please send an e-mail to: >> [log in to unmask]¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ >> >> >> ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ To >> unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the Gambia-L Web >> interface at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html >> >> To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to: >> http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l To contact >> the List Management, please send an e-mail to: >> [log in to unmask]¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ >> > > > > -- > *"Be the change you want to see in the World"* > ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ To > unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the Gambia-L Web > interface at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html > > To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to: > http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l To contact the > List Management, please send an e-mail to: > [log in to unmask]¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ > > > ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ To > unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the Gambia-L Web > interface at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html > > To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to: > http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l To contact the > List Management, please send an e-mail to: > [log in to unmask]¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ > -- *"Be the change you want to see in the World"* ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ To unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the Gambia-L Web interface at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to: http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l To contact the List Management, please send an e-mail to: [log in to unmask] ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤