Try a Google search on callisthenics (note the spelling). Note, too that callisthenics changed over the twentieth century. I stand to be correcterd, but I think it was primarily light fitness work, mainly for men in the 1900s, often associated with light clubs which were tossed in the air and caught, rather like juggling. In the 1940s and 1950s it dropped out of favour with adults and it became a sort of synchronized swimming on land, mainly as a group activity for girls. Towards the end of the twentieth century, it moved more towards gymnastics for young people, but is also the name used for light flexibility routines used by elderly people in group exercise classes. It is characterized by lightness, speed and coordination rather than power and strength. Keith ----------------------------------------------------------------- To unsubscribe from the list send an email to [log in to unmask] with the words SIGNOFF EVOLUTIONARY-FITNESS in the _body_ of the email. To get a copy of the old archives or the FAQ, look in the EvFit folder at http://briefcase.yahoo.com/dryeraser