* Today in Black History - December 25 *
***HAPPY HOLIDAYS FROM BRO. MOSI HOJ AND THE MUNIRAH CHRONICLE***
1760 - Jupiter Hammon, a New York slave who was probably the
first African American poet, publishes "An Evening
Thought:Salvation by Christ".
1776 - Oliver Cromwell and Prince Whipple are among soldiers who
cross the Delaware River with George Washington to
successfully attack the Hessians in Trenton, New Jersey,
during the Revolutionary War.
1807 - Charles Bennett Ray is born in Falmouth, Massachusetts. He
will enter Wesleyan University in Connecticut and be
forced to withdraw due to objections from northerners
and southerners. He will move to New York and become a
Methodist minister and later a Congregational minister,
serving as pastor of two predominately white churches in
New York City, Crosby Congregational Church and Bethesda
Congregational Church. He will be a strong supporter of the
temperance movement, and a member of the American
Missionary Association, the African Society for Mutual
Relief, and co-found the Society for the Promotion of
Education Among Colored Children. He will become involved
in the abolitionist movement, and be a prominent promoter
of the Underground Railroad. He will co-found and direct
the New York Vigilance Committee and a member of the
American Anti-Slavery Society, assisting runaway slaves.
He will become owner of "The Colored American," the fourth
weekly periodical published by African Americans. The
Colored American will promote �the moral, social and
political elevation of the free colored people; and the
peaceful emancipation of the slaves." He will travel
throughout the north giving speeches condemning African
American prejudice, and in 1840 will become a supporter of
the newly founded Liberty Party, the only publicly pro-
Abolitionist political party. He will join the ancestors on
August 15, 1886.
1835 - Benjamin Tucker Tanner is born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
He will join the African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church in
1856. Two years later, while at Western Theological Seminary,
he will be given a license to preach. In 1860, he will
receive his pastoral certificate and two years later found an
AME Church in Washington, D.C. Always an advocate of
education, he will establish the nation�s first school for
freedmen in the United States Navy Yard in Washington, D.C.
and later manage freedman�s schools in Frederick County,
Maryland. In 1868, he will be elected Secretary of the AME
General Conference and named editor of its publication,
"Christian Recorder." It will later become the largest black-
owned periodical in the nation. In 1884, he will become the
editor of a new AME newspaper, "AME Church Review." Four years
later, he will be elected a bishop of the AME Church. He will
write a number of books including "An Apology for African
Methodism" (1867) which will be highly regarded among
contemporary American scholars of religion, and "Outline and
Government of the A.ME. Church" (1883). He will be the father
of famous painter Henry Ossawa Tanner. He will join the
ancestors on January 14, 1923.
1837 - Cheyney University is established in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania. It will be first known as the "Institute
for Colored Youth". The school will be moved to George
Cheyney's farm, 24 miles west of Philadelphia, in 1902.
It will be renamed in 1913 to "The Cheyney Training
School for Teachers." Cheyney University of Pennsylvania
is the first historically Black institution of learning
in America. It is also the first college in the United
States to receive official state certification as an
institution of higher academic education for African
Americans.
1837 - Charles Lenox Remond begins his career as an antislavery
agent. He will be one of the first African Americans
employed as a lecturer by the antislavery movement. He
will work many years for the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery
Society.
1863 - Robert Blake, powder boy aboard the USS Marblehead, performs
a Medal of Honor action "for conspicuous gallantry,
extraordinary heroism, and intrepidity at the risk of his
own life." The heroic action occurs during a victorious
battle off the coast of South Carolina. He will be presented
the Medal of Honor on April 16, 1864. His citation will read:
"On board the U.S. Steam Gunboat Marblehead off Legareville,
Stono River, 25 December 1863, in an engagement with the
enemy on John's Island. Serving the rifle gun, Blake, an
escaped slave, carried out his duties bravely throughout the
engagement which resulted in the enemy's abandonment of
positions, leaving a caisson and one gun behind." While he was
the second African American to perform a Medal of Honor action,
he will be the first to actually receive the award. William H.
Carney, the first African American to perform a Medal of Honor
action, will not receive the award until 1900.
1865 - Atlanta University in Atlanta, Georgia, Shaw University
in Raleigh, North Carolina, and Virginia Union University
in Richmond, Virginia are founded.
1875 - Charles Caldwell joins the ancestors after being
assassinated in Clinton, Mississippi. He was the first
African American in the state of Mississippi to be accused
of the murder of a white man and found "not guilty" by an
all-white jury. He was later elected to the state senate.
1907 - Cabell "Cab" Calloway III is born in Rochester, New York. A
versatile jazz bandleader and singer who will popularize
scat singing, his song "Minnie the Moocher" will be the
first million-selling jazz record. Calloway will also
appear in the movie "Porgy and Bess" as well as perform as
a singer in the touring companies of "Porgy" and "Hello
Dolly." He will join the ancestors on November 18, 1994.
1951 - Harry T. Moore, a Florida NAACP official, joins the ancestors
after being killed by a bomb in his home in Mims, Florida.
Active in expanding the African American vote in Florida and
in desegregating the University of Florida, Moore will be
posthumously awarded the NAACP's Spingarn Medal in 1952.
1951 - The NAACP's Spingarn Medal is presented to Mabel K. Staupers
for her leadership in the field of nursing.
1956 - The home of Rev. Fred L. Shuttlesworth, a Birmingham, Alabama
protest leader, is destroyed by a dynamite bomb.
1958 - Rickey Henley Henderson is born in Chicago, Illinois. He
will grow up to become a baseball player with the Oakland
Athletics and New York Yankees and will become the stolen
base king. In 1982, Henderson will shatter Lou Brock's
modern major league record by stealing 130 bases. He will
have 23 consecutive seasons in which he will steal more
than 20 bases. He will rank 4th all-time in games played
(3,081), 10th in at-bats (10,961), 20th in hits (3,055),
and first in runs scored (2,295) and stolen bases (1,406).
1959 - Michael P. Anderson is born in Plattsburgh, New York. He
will be raised in Spokane, Washington. He will graduate
from the University of Washington in 1981 and be
commissioned a second lieutenant in the USAF. He will
become Chief of Communication Maintenance for the 2015
Communication Squadron and later be Director of
Information System Maintenance for the 1920 Information
System Group. In 1986 he will be selected to attend
Undergraduate Pilot Training at Vance AFB, Oklahoma. He
will serve as an aircraft commander and instructor pilot
in the 920th Air Refueling Squadron, Wurtsmith AFB
Michigan. He will be selected as an astronaut by NASA in
December 1994, and will become qualified for flight crew
assignment as a mission specialist. He will be initially
assigned technical duties in the Flight Support Branch of
the Astronaut Office. He will fly on the crew of STS-89
(Shuttle Endeavour to Space Station Mir) and will log
over 211 hours in space in 1998. Lt. Colonel Anderson
will be assigned to the crew of STS-107 (Shuttle Columbia)
and will join the ancestors when Columbia explodes during
re-entry on February 1, 2003.
1965 - The Congress of Racial Equality announces that its national
director, Dr. James Farmer, would resign on March 1.
2006 - James Brown, the dynamic "Godfather of Soul," whose
revolutionary rhythms, rough voice and flashing footwork
influenced generations of musicians from rock to rap,
joins the ancestors early Christmas morning at the age of
73. He had been hospitalized with pneumonia at Emory
Crawford Long Hospital on 12/24 and succumbed to heart
failure around 1:45 a.m. He was one of the major musical
influences of the past 50 years. From Mick Jagger to
Michael Jackson, David Bowie to Public Enemy, his rapid-
footed dancing, hard-charging beats and heartfelt yet
often unintelligible vocals changed the musical landscape.
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