*		 Today in Black History - October 24              *

1892 - 25,000 African American workers strike in New Orleans, 
	Louisiana. This is the first major job stoppage in U.S.
	labor history by African Americans.

1923 - The U.S. Department of Labor issues a report stating that 
	approximately 500,000 African Americans had left the South 
	in the preceding twelve months.

1935 - Langston Hughes's play "Mulatto" opens on Broadway. It will 
	have the longest run of any play by an African American 
	until Lorraine Hansberry's "A Raisin in the Sun."

1935 - Italy invades Ethiopia. African Americans hold mass meetings 
	of protest and raise funds for the Ethiopian defenders.
 
1936 - The Boston Chronicle blasts the soon-to-be-released movie 
	"The Big Broadcast" of 1937 for featuring a white pianist 
	who appears in the movie while Teddy Wilson actually plays 
	the music: "The form of racial discrimination and 
	falsification of acts...is frequently duplicated by many 
	whites in their daily dealings with Negroes...Negro farm 
	hands and laborers in other fields of industry produce 
	billions of dollars of wealth, but the white landowners and 
	sweat shop operators get all the profit." 

1942 - In recognition of the influence of so-called race music, 
	Billboard magazine creates its first ratings chart devoted 
	to African American music, The Harlem Hit Parade. The 
	number-one record is "Take It & Git" by Andy Kirk and His 
	Twelve Clouds of Joy, featuring Mary Lou Williams on piano. 

1948 - Frizzel Gerald Gray is born in Baltimore, Maryland. He will be
	better known as Kweisi Mfume, an adopted African name that 
	means "Conquering Son of Kings." In 1978, he will be elected 
	to the Baltimore City Council, serving there until 1986. His 
	political stance will be against that of then-mayor William 
	Donald Schaefer, who he believed had ignored the many poor 
	neighborhoods of the city. It will be a contentious matter, but 
	despite his strong opinions, he will learn the art of political 
	compromise. He will be perceived by many to have had some 
	success during his stay in office, a fact perhaps reflected by 
	his subsequent election to the United States House of 
	Representatives in 1986, despite a torrent of criticism, 
	directed in no small part against his early past. Serving in 
	Maryland's 7th Congressional district for five terms, he will make
	himself known as a Democrat with an apparent balance between 
	strong progressive ideologies and a capacity for practical 
	compromise, representing a district that included both West 
	Baltimore and suburban and rural communities, though his primary 
	goal was an increase in federal aid to American inner cities. In 
	his fourth term, he will be made chairman of the Congressional 
	Black Caucus. In February 1996, he will leave the House to accept 
	the presidency of the National Association for the Advancement of 
	Colored People (NAACP), stating that he could do more to improve 
	American civil rights there than in the Congress. He will reform 
	the association's finances to pay off its considerable debt while 
	pursuing the cause of civil rights advancement for African 
	Americans. Many citizens in Baltimore will want him to run for 
	mayor in the 1999 election, but he will stay with the NAACP. He will
	serve in this position for nine years before stepping down in 2004.
	He will run unsuccessfully for the U.S. Senate in 2006. In May 2013, 
	he will be named Chairman of his alma mater, Morgan State University,
	assuming the position on July 1, 2013.

1964 - Kenneth David Kuanda becomes President of Zambia as Zambia (Northern 
	Rhodesia) gains independence from Great Britain. 

1972 - Jack Roosevelt "Jackie" Robinson joins the ancestors at the age of 53 
	in Stamford, Connecticut.

1980 - Monica Denise Arnold is born in College Park, Georgia. She will become
	a singer, songwriter, actress, and businesswoman. She will begin
	performing as a child and became part of a traveling gospel choir at 
	the age of ten. She will rise to prominence after she signs with 
	Rowdy Records in 1993 and releases her debut album "Miss Thang" two 
	years later. She will follow it with a series of successful albums, 
	including the global bestseller "The Boy Is Mine (1998) as well as 
	the number-one albums "After the Storm" (2003), "The Makings of Me" 
	(2006) and "Still Standing" (2010). Throughout her career, several 
	of her singles will become number-one hits on the pop and R&B 
	record charts, including "Before You Walk Out of My Life", "Don't 
	Take It Personal (Just One of Dem Days)", "Like This and Like That", 
	"The Boy Is Mine", "The First Night", "Angel of Mine", "So Gone", 
	and "Everything to Me". Her popularity will be further enhanced by 
	her roles in television series such as Living Single, Felicity, 
	and American Dreams, and films including Boys and Girls (2000), 
	Love Song (2000), and Pastor Brown (2009). A contributor to the 
	NBC talent show The Voice, in 2008, she will appear in the 
	Peachtree TV reality show special Monica: The Single which tracked 
	the recording of the song "Still Standing" along with her personal 
	life and resulted in her own highly rated BET series Monica: Still 
	Standing, containing a similar concept. She will sell 5.3 million 
	albums in the United States and will be recognized as one of the 
	most successful urban R&B female vocalists to emerge in the mid to 
	late 1990s. According to Billboard, she is the youngest recording 
	act to ever have two consecutive chart-topping hits on the 
	Billboard Top R&B Singles chart, as well as the first artist to 
	top the US Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart over the span of 
	three consecutive decades (1990s, 2000s, and 2010s). In 2010, 
	Billboard will list her at number 24 on its list of the Top 50 
	R&B and Hip Hop Artists of the past 25 years. A four-time 
	nominee, she will win a Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance by 
	a Duo or Group with Vocals for "The Boy Is Mine" at the 41st 
	awards ceremony and will be the recipient of one Billboard Music 
	Award, one BET Award, and two BMI Pop Awards. 

1986 - Aubrey Drake Graham is born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. He will
	become a rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer, actor, and 
	businessman. He will gain recognition as an actor on the teen drama 
	television series Degrassi: The Next Generation in the early 2000s. 
	Intent on pursuing a career in music, he will leave the series in 
	2007 after releasing his debut mixtape, "Room for Improvement." He 
	will release two further independent projects, "Comeback Season" 
	and "So Far Gone," before signing to Lil Wayne's Young Money 
	Entertainment in June 2009. He will release his debut studio album 
	"Thank Me Later" in 2010, which will debut at number one on the US 
	Billboard 200 and will be soon certified platinum. His next two 
	releases, 2011's "Take Care" and 2013's "Nothing Was the Same,"
	will be critically and commercially successful; the former earning
	him his first Grammy Award for Best Rap Album. In 2015, he will
	release two mixtapes—the trap-influenced "If You're Reading This 
	It's Too Late" and a collaboration with Future titled "What a 
	Time to Be Alive"—both of which will earn platinum certification 
	in the U.S. His fourth album, "Views" (2016), will break several 
	chart records. The dancehall-influenced album will sit atop the 
	Billboard 200 for 13 nonconsecutive weeks, becoming the first 
	album by a male solo artist to do so in over 10 years. The album's 
	second single, "One Dance", will top the charts in several 
	countries, and will become his first number-one single as a lead 
	artist. That year, he will lead both the Billboard Hot 100 and 
	the Billboard 200 charts simultaneously for eight weeks. Among 
	the world's best-selling music artists, with over 170 million 
	records sold worldwide, he will be ranked by the Recording 
	Industry Association of America (RIAA) as the world's highest-
	certified digital singles artist. He will hold several Billboard 
	chart records. He will have the most charted songs (205) among 
	solo artists in the history of the Billboard Hot 100, the most 
	simultaneously charted Hot 100 songs in a single week (27), the 
	most time on the Hot 100 (431 weeks) and the most Hot 100 debuts 
	in a week (22). He will also have the most number one singles 
	on the Hot Rap Songs, Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay and Rhythmic 
	Charts. He will also win four Grammy Awards, six American Music 
	Awards, twenty-seven Billboard Music Awards and three Juno 
	Awards. As an entrepreneur, he will found the OVO Sound record 
	label with longtime collaborator 40 in 2012.

2017 - Robert Guillaume, Emmy Award-winning actor best known as the title 
	character in the TV sitcom "Benson", joins the ancestors at the age
	of 89 after succumbing to prostate cancer.

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