---------------------------------
da[980531]
ab[Allan Kiviaho]
su[Grammatica: Parolas composite]
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Car amicos interlinguistas!
Como io ha scribite anteriormente, le prepositiones in
Interlingua e in altere linguas romanic son difficile pro
personas qui ha un lingua non-romanic como lingua maternal.
Un altere problema remarcabile es lo de parolas composite.
Como re le prepositiones etiam re le parolas composite le
"Interlingua Grammar" de Gode & Blair es minus que
satisfactori:
§ 155.II. - The term COMPOUNDING is here used to refer to
word building by the combination of one word and a prefix
or two full-fledged words. In either case the prefixed
portion of the compound modifies the second element which
determines the part of speech of the resulting formation.
Note that the second element often establishes itself as
representing a given part of speech only through the
compounding process. E.g. in rehabilitar 'to rehabilitate',
the prefix seems to modify a verb habilitar 'to habilitate'
but it actually establishes itself directly on the basis of
habile 'able'. In the following surveys this phenomenon has
been considered normal and therefore not in need of special
comment. ...
§ 159. II.B. - Compounds which result from the COMBINATION
OF TWO FULL-FLEDGED WORDS are formed either by simple
juxtaposition - as illustrated by English 'teapot',
'thunderstorm', 'goose flesh',
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QUESTION 1
Allan Kiviaho: Es il permittite de formar parolas
composite per juxtaposition in Interlingua, como
'potto the', 'tempesta tonitro', 'carne oca'?
secundo le exemplos anglese supra?
Compara con Question 1.
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etc. - or involve the use of a compounding feature - e.g.
'cylindr-o-cellular', 'man-i-cure', etc. Interlingua lacks
the unlimited possibility of active compounding by simple
juxtaposition which is characteristic (although not a
distinctive feature) of the Teutonic languages.
--------------------------------------------------
QUESTION 2
Allan Kiviaho: Bon, bon, bon ...! Es il permittite
in Interlingua a formar parolas composite per
juxtapositiones simple, benque "limitate", o es il
prohibite totalmente? Si permittite
limitatemente", qual son le "limites"?
Compara con Question 1.
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Among the expressive devices avaílable in Interlingua as
complements of its compounding system, the following are to
be noted:
(a) English compounds often correspond to Interlingua
suffix formations.
'milkman' lactero 'pigsty' porchiera
etc.
(b) English compounds correspond very frequently to
Interlingua prepositional phrases. The choice of the
preposition permits often a clear statement of the
relationship between the elements which in English is left
to context and common sense. E.g.: It is not the words
'seaman' and 'milkman' which tell us that the latter does
not sail on milk and thet the former does not sell sea
water.
'bus station' station de omnibus
'chamber music' musica de camera
...
'handbag' sacco a mano
etc.
(c) In numerous instances English compounds are best
rendered in Interlingua by nouns modified by adjectives.
'sunlight' lumine solar
'redskin' pelle rubie
'tearpit' sacco lacrimal
'blood vessel' vaso sanguinari
§ 29. PROPER NOUNS functioning in English as
adjectives - as e.g. in 'Diesel engine', 'Geiger counter',
etc. - remain unmodified proper nouns in the Interlingua
and are preceded by the noun they qualify in English. The
pattern used is that followed in English in the case of
titles: Doctor Diesel, Professor Diesel, engine Diesel;
etc. The proper names take no plural -s.
'Geiger counter(s)' contator Geiger, contatores Geiger
'Diesel engine(s)' motor Diesel, motores Diesel
'Roentgen rays' radios Röntgen
'Heaviside layer' strato Heaviside
§ 30. There is a very free use of APPOSITION with one
member often corresponding to an English noun with
adjectival functions.
foresta virgine 'virgin forest'
arbore nano 'dwarf tree'
wagon restaurante 'dining car'
nave domo 'house boat'
homine machina 'human machine'
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QUESTION 3
Allan Kiviaho: Qual es le differentia grammatic
inter le parolas
'goose flesh'
(§ 159. II.B. - Compounds which result from the
COMBINATION OF TWO FULL-FLEDGED WORDS are formed
by simple juxtaposition - as illustrated by
English ... 'goose flesh', *** sed sed sed ***
... Interlingua lacks the unlimited possibility of
active compounding by simple juxtaposition which
is characteristic (although not a distinctive
feature) of the Teutonic languages ...
e
'house boat'
(§ 30. There is a very free use of APPOSITION
with one member often corresponding to an English
noun with adjectival functions.)?
x x x x x x x
Io pensa que il ha hic un conflicto de logica.
Mi interpretation es:
(1) Interlingua care le possibilitate illimitate
de componer parolas per juxtaposition simple
(§ 159. II.B.) (2) Ma nulle problema - "nyamo problema" in
bulgaro - Interlingua ha "un uso multo liberal
de APPOSITION" (§ 30.). Alas! Le uso
illimitate de juxtapositiones simple es
permittite - si nos los appella "apposition".
Consentite?
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The use of apposition is very frequent with nouns and
agents and the like which thus become indistinguishable
from adjectives.
mi amico mazdaista 'my Mazdaist friend'
apparator generator 'generating device'
uxor puera 'child wife'
In the plural the appositive may take an -s. Without it the
appositive is more clearly adjectival. One would say:
uxores pueras, but apparatos generator, forestas virgine
etc.
When the appositive has distinct forms for male and female,
their use is governed by the fact of sex.
mi amico cantator e mi amica cantatrice 'my singer
friend (masc.) and my singer friend (fem.)'
Salutante,
vostre Allanus Grammaticus
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