Foroyaa Newspaper Burning Issue
Issue No. 32/2007, 16 – 18 March 2007
Editorial
MR. ATTORNEY GENERAL, CAN YOU INVESTIGATE?
THE PEOPLE OF SANDU ARE WAITING
Many people in Sandu have been anxiously waiting for the outcome of the case
of the chief of Sandu who has been taken to Basse Police Station after
accused of causing willful damage to the property of one Saikou Jawara. The
transport, a car with registration number BJL 62240D is still parked pending the
outcome of the envisaged court case. One Foday Sanyang and Mawdo Sisawo were in
the transport. Any observer who examines the transport would realise that
those in it could have suffered severe injuries if luck was not on their side.
The victims, as well as members of the Independent Electoral Commission, have
already made their statements. Some people have already been saying, “There
is no justice in the country and nothing will come out of this.”
Mr. Attorney General, is there justice in the country? Is it guiding the
action of law enforcement agencies?
Do people have to resort to private suits to get justice or will the state
take the bull by the horn and allow just retribution to accompany willful
transgressions.
Mr. Attorney General, if proper investigation is not done and appropriate
charges preferred, many people in Sandu will lose faith in the justice system
in this country. This is what gives rise to complaints to international human
rights organisations and international exposures. Some people in the
Executive would then accuse those who expose such wrongs as being unpatriotic. The
time to act is now. Failure to act will give strength to impunity. Nobody has a
right to take the law into one’s hand. None other than the members of the
judiciary have powers to judge. This is why we are urging for the due process
of law to be adhered to in this case. Otherwise the victims should seek
redress through civil suit to combat impunity.
Foroyaa will keep the people of Sandu, in particular, and all those who are
opposed to impunity informed of developments.
MARKET VENDORS TO BE EVICTED
By Modou Jonga
According to sources close to the Brikama Area Council, some market vendors
behind the GPTC depot will soon be evicted and relocated. The area currently
occupied by the vendors is to be developed into a cold store for the vendors.
The proposed store is a project conceived by the Department of State for
Fisheries and is to be constructed by a Taiwanese Company and it will be managed
by the Brikama Area Council.
Many of the vendors, businessmen and women who spoke to this reporter have
confirmed that they were informed of the plan to evict them, but they lamented
that this will have a negative effect on their businesses.
When contacted, the Public Relation Officer, PRO, of the Brikama Area
Council, Mr. Serigne Modou Joof, confirmed that the vendors will be relocated. Mr.
Joof clarified that the said land is not sold to any company, but it is a
project to improve the Brikama Market.
Mr. Joof said Brikama Area Council does not have the capacity to single
handedly develop the Brikama Market. He said that if a portion of land in the
market is needed by the BAC, vendors will be evicted to pave way for meaningful
projects.
The BAC Public Relation Officer said that the relocation will be coordinated
by the Council. PRO Joof has said that the vendors will not be compensated.
ADJOURNMENT DEBATE
If You Cannot Maintain A College Campus, How Will You Maintain A University
Campus? Asks Sidia Jatta
The President of the Republic, speaking in Kanilai indicated that in the
next five years Gambia will witness a development that will surprise everyone.
At the National Assembly MPs gathered that a new assembly complex will be
built. However, at the Gambia College where those who are to help develop our
human resources, students, are waiting for their fate.
During the adjournment debate, Sidia Jatta told the august body that the
plight of the students at the Gambia College warrants consideration. He informed
the house that campus life at Gambia college has always contributed to the
development of many prominent Gambians; that campus life is vital for an
educational institution of that standard. He informed the National Assembly that
government has intention to put an end to campus life at the Gambia College
and push the students to rent in Brikama. He questioned the rationale. He
mentioned that if the government cannot maintain campus life at Gambia College,
the oldest tertiary institution, how can it convince anyone that it can
maintain a university campus?
Editor’s Note
This is the challenge of the Secretary of state for tertiary education and
the new National Assembly committee on Education.
They should conduct a joint investigation of Sidia’s allegations and issue a
public notice on what efforts they are making to ameliorate the situation.
If they fail to provide a conducive environment for students who are going to
be our teachers, then no one can take their promises of making Gambia an
economic superpower seriously. No country can become an economic superpower
without human resource development.
Nobody can develop human resources without providing conducive learning
environment.
Needless to say, the key factor in learning is to have motivated and well
trained teachers. Eyes are now on the executive and the assembly.
Foroyaa will tell what the developments are.
DETECTIVE RE-APPEARS IN VOIR DIRE
By Bubacarr K. Sowe
Lamin Cham, a police detective, attached to the major crime unit of the
Gambia Police Force, on Wednesday re-appeared at the High Court for cross
examination in the voir dire of Tamsir Jasseh, Omar Faal Keita and Demba Dem.
During cross examination with defence Counsel Lamin Jobarteh, Cham said that
no statement was taken from the 7th and 8th accused persons (Omar Faal
Keita and Demba Dem) at the Banjul Police Station in connection to the March
2006 foiled coup plot. Cham also told the court that the police officers
obtained voluntary statements from the 7th and 8th accused persons at the State
Central Prison in Mile II when the major crime unit was moved there. He stated
that nowhere in the statement is it indicated that they were obtained at the
police headquarters in Banjul.
Cham denied knowing the movements of the accused persons, saying that he
only investigated into the matter. The detective added that he only met the
suspects at the Major Crime unit allocated to them at Mile II. He also said that
the 7th and 8th accused persons were brought before the panel of
investigators. Cham insisted that he is a very truthful witness to the court and that he
has said all what he knows in court. The trial continues next week.
BRITON JAILED FOR CONTEMPT
By Fabakary B. Ceesay and Bubacarr K. Sowe
Magistrate Pa Harry Jammeh of the Kanifing Magistrate Court on Tuesday 13th
March 2007, sentenced a Briton to one month in jail with hard labour for
contempt of court.
Micheal Rossel Vante, was sentenced for lack of morals and respect for the
court and towards the bench. Mr. Vante is standing trial for defrauding one
Baboucarr Dicko. He has pleaded guilty. He has so far spent 4 months in jail.
When he appeared in court on the aforesaid mentioned date, Magistrate Jammeh
informed him that the complainant has informed the court that he intends to
withdraw the case. He also informed him that he wants to set him free.
Magistrate Jammeh said, “I think your 4 months in Mile Two will make your
ears open, desist from defrauding people by telling them that you will take them
to Europe when you don’t work for the Visa industry, and I learned that you
are also involved in a similar case in Bundung, try and stay away from
trouble.” Mike said, “I doubt the evidence against me in this case because there
was no witness to say that I defrauded people. I don’t ask people to give me
money to take them to Europe, but everybody keeps on asking me to take them
to Europe, even these people,” pointing his finger at the lawyers. At this
stage, lawyer Badou Conteh stood up and addressed the court, saying, “My lord,
we have all studied in England, including yourself, we all know how to behave
in court. We all know how accused persons behave in court in England. This
man cannot come here and disrespect our court, I think you have to teach him a
lesson.” In delivering his ruling, Magistrate Jammeh told Mr. Rossel that as
far as he has no respect for the court, he will send him to Mile Two with
hard labour for him to learn the repercusions for the lack of respect. Jammeh
added, “In view of the circumstances that surrounds this case and more so your
behaviour towards the bench, I’m sending you to a mandatory jail term of one
month with hard labour.”
GLOBAL ENERGY ENGINEER ARRAIGNED IN COURT
By Modou Jonga
Miko Berben, a 46 year old Dutch Engineer at the Global Energy Company Ltd,
was arraigned before the Brikama Magistrate Court.
The Dutch Engineer is charged with stealing contrary to section 252 of the
Criminal code. The accused is alleged to have stolen three generators sometime
last year at Kanilai and Bugine villages, respectively. in the Western
Region. The three generators which are valued at D1,665,000.00 are said to be the
property of the Kanilai Farm Ltd.
The accused who pleaded not guilty to the preferred charge was granted bail
on 7th February, 2007 in the sum of two million dalasi (D2,000,000).
On Wednesday 14th March, the prosecutors, namely ASP Jammeh, CSP Dibba and
629 Saine, applied for an adjournment to enable them advise themselves on the
case. The application was granted by Magistrate E.F M’bai. The case is
adjourned to Wednesday 28th March for continuation.
“PROSECUTE ACCORDINGLY” MAGISTRATE URGED PROSECUTORS
By Modou Jonga
Magistrate Edrissa Fafa M’bai of the Brikama Magistrate Court has urged
prosecutors to be extra committed to proving their cases beyond reasonable doubt.
Magistrate M’bai made these remarks on Wednesday 14th March, 2007, following
the adjournment of an alleged false information trial involving one Momodou
Alieu Jallow and the state. The said case was adjourned due to the absence of
the prosecutor, who was said to be on an official AU peace keeping mission
examination.
It is easy to arraigned accused persons in court but it is difficult to
prosecute them, Magistrate M’bai remarked Magistrate M’bai thus urged
prosecutors not to prosecute accused persons who are under police investigation pending
the completion of investigation, as this could mar and subsequently delay
court proceedings.
According to Magistrate M’bai, an accused is innocent in the eye of the law
before proven guilty. Magistrate M’bai further stressed that mentioning fresh
cases and not proceeding with cases to the ultimate point of prosecuting
only leads to subsequent adjournments.
The said Magistrate M’bai has earlier on expressed his views to prosecutors
in his court who, at times, fail to proceed with cases and prove them beyond
reasonable doubts. He further decried the re-arresting of discharged accused
persons by the police. This, he said is as a result of the prosecutor’s
dissatisfaction of the said discharge.
AZIZ TAMBA AND CO TRIAL POLICE OFFICER TESTIFIES
By Fabakary B. Ceesay & Bubacarr K. Sowe
Corporal Amadou Camara, a police officer attached to the serious crime unit
at the police headquarters in Banjul, has testified in the ongoing criminal
trial of the former APRC deputy mobiliser and two others at the Kanifing
Magistrate Court.
Officer Camara told the court that he met one of the accused persons, Famara
Colley and had a dialogue with him and later cautioned him. He said that he
also obtained a voluntary statement from him, but the cautionary statement
was made in the English Language and that the accused person has put his
signature in the statement. The cautionary statement was tendered and marked as
exhibit (D). Mr. Camara said that he asked Mr. Colley to say all that he knew
about the whole thing. He said that Colley told him that he was brought to the
company through the help of Aziz Tamba and Mustapha Bojang without any
appointment letter. He added that Colley told him that he was given the
responsibility of the Kanifing Warehouse. Corporal Camara said that Famara told him that
at the time of his appointment to the Kanifing Warehouse, there was a
consignment of rice taken to that warehouse, adding that some trucks were loaded
with rice for other outlets. He said that Famara told him that he does not know
whether those rice trucks reached the said outlets, because he did not
escort the trucks. Corporal Camara indicated that Colley told him that the monies
received from the rice proceeds are kept in his office or normally at the
bank. Camara said that Colley told him that Aziz Tamba normally comes to him and
ask for money claiming that it was the request of the president. He said
that Famara told him that when he (Famara) requested for a written document from
Aziz to back his claims, Aziz would say, “am in a haste until I come back.”
Corporal Camara said that Famara Colley also told him that sometimes Aziz
used to bring a written document but not always. Camara concluded that Famara
told him that he (Famara) was not aware of any missing monies at the company.
During cross examination by the accused persons Mr. Famara Colley put it to
the witness that he told the witness that anytime Aziz Tamba and Mustapha
Bojang co me to request for money, he ask them to sign but that they sometimes
signed and sometimes they do not. The witness replied that it was true that
Colley told him that he used to ask Aziz and Mustapha to sign to indicate that
they have received the money. Mustapha Bojang also put it to him that he
(Camara) was not the one who recorded his statements, Camara replied in the
positive. For Aziz, he told the witness since he was not the officer who recorded
his statement; he has no questions for him.
Famara Colley, Mustapha Bojang and Aziz Tamba are standing trial for
allegedly stealing 19,589, 779, 34 dalasis being employees of Kanilai Family Farm
between 2005 and 2006. They all pleaded not guilty. The presiding Magistrate is
Pa Harry Jammeh of the Kanifing Magistrate Court. The case has been assigned
to a new prosecutor OC Ebrima Dibba, the then prosecutor was 1748 Momodou
Kinteh. Hearing continues.
UN FORUM ON THE STATUS OF WOMEN
Amie Sillah Reporting
The 51th Commission on The State of Women and Girls was held in New york
from February 26th to March 9th 2007. This year’s theme is “The Elimination of
all forms of Discrimination and Violence Against the Girl Child.”
The Commission on The Status of Women was established in 1946 by the United
Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) Resolution II (2) with the
objective of promoting the principle that men and women shall have equal rights.
The Commission recommends and reports to ECOSOC on the promotion of women’s
rights in the political, economic, civil, social and educational fields and
also addresses problems affecting women that require immediate attention.
The Expert Group Meeting addressed four issues related to the Girl Child:
(a) protection of girls; (b) girls in especially vulnerable situations, (c)
empowerment of girls; (d) and institutional arrangements to accelerate the
elimination of discrimination and violence against the girl child. The
recommendations include:
(a) Empowering girls to realize their human rights;
(b) Creation of safe and supportive girl friendly spaces and
environments;
(c) Building girls’ social assets;
(d) Provision of education, information and skills building for
girls;
(e) Empowerment of female teachers to serve as role models and
mentors;
(f) Provision of Alternative education for those living in difficult
circumstances;
(g) Engaging men and boys as allies in questioning traditional and
discriminatory gender socialization.
The overarching conclusion: To adopt an integrated and rights based approach
for the elimination of all forms of discrimination and violence against the
girl child, including ratification of international instruments.
Also to increase support and funding to gender responsive research to
identify groups of girls at high risk of discrimination and violence, using a
life-cycle approach. This years International Women’s Day Focus on Ending Impunity
For Violence against Women and Girls. The Gambian delegation comprised of 6
participants, 2 represented African Centre for Democracy and Human Rights
Studies in the persons of Mrs. Mrs. Amie Sillah Sarr and Mrs. Yvette Phillot;
Action Aid The Gambia represented by Mrs. Haddijatou Jallow Baldeh and Mrs.
Agnes Kalleh Campbell; The Gambia Government was represented by Mrs. Yamundow
Jagne Jobe and Ms Maria Dacosta.
Four of the participants were sponsored by Action Aid, The Gambia. A
participant was sponsored by UNDP and another by ACDHRS.
FOCUS ON POLITICS
WERE THE PEOPLE’S EXPECTATIONS MET?
With Suwaibou Touray
We have been narrating the political history of the first Republic. We have
stopped where Mr. D.K. Jawara got rid of many chiefs who refused to support
them in the 1959 to 1962 elections. Let us pick up from where we stopped. The
year 1973 had been a difficult one Sir Dawda had a medical operation in
London which was shrouded in secrecy, but when he returned to the Gambia on 23rd
June 1973, he received a tumultuous welcome from the people.
Many opposition politicians competed as to who would join the P.P.P first,
until there was hardly any thing left of the United Party (U.P.) There was an
out-cry from the general public, who then gave support to the U.P. People in
Banjul condemned them from left and right.
For example, in 1973, a Mr. Sename who was a popular figure in the U.P. and
represented Banjul Central, won his seat in 1966, and was returned but
according to the “Progressive” Newspaper, at the time, this M.P had what the
paper described as the largest rostrum in the land available to him; that as a
back bencher in the opposition, this enhanced his position as agitator for
public good all the more. But according to the “Progressive” 1o and behold
his dynamism, if not this genuine interest in the public cause, seemed to have
deserted him.” What was worse, the paper said, “was his stand on public
issues became lukewarm, if not down right hypocritical, and the U.P had been
utterly disappointed with him,” The paper stated.
So as you can see, at the time, some people felt that Sename had betrayed
the UP when the life of parliament of which he was a member ended only to
joined the P.P.P. On the other hand “others were convinced that his switch to the
PPP was a manifestation of sheer opportunism and not something that sprang
from a genuine motive,” said the progressive. The people refused to return him
in the following election which he lost to Mr. J.R Forster. Since then,
Gambians became disgusted with cross-carpeters and branded them all as selfish
and opportunistic, but Foday Minteh and a few others like Gibou Jagne
struggled in the U.P.
Because of the vacuum created by the inactivity of the U.P. as the majority
opposition party in the Gambia, a number of independent candidates sprang
into the 1972 elections and made surprises. All of them put together polled over
21,000 votes but the independents who had no close connection later
complained bitterly of the lack of fairness and freeness of the elections. They
alleged that the elections were rigged in the sense that campaign period was too
short; that Government monopolized the media; that voters cards were
suppressed and or bought; that chiefs and civil servants played a decisive role; that
storage and transportation of ballot boxes were unsatisfactory; that
intimidation was rife; that registers were unsatisfactory and so on and so forth. Mr.
M. E Jallow was part of these independent candidates who were not linked to
any party at the time. Many however anticipated that the independents might
come together to register a formidable political movement. Many also thought
that since Mr. Dibba was expelled but later joined the PPP when he was
Minister of Finance, and a Yusupha Samba and Lamin Mboge were all expelled but went
back to the party, it was also possible for the independents to either join
or form their own party. Many however went to the PPP but Mr. M.E Jallow
instead continued with his union activities.
Even though Mr. P.S. Njie maintained his seat, he at one stage refused to
attend sittings of the Parliament and the PPP majority decided to amend section
66 (1) (g) of the constitution against absenteeism,” that if he is absent
from two consecutive meetings of the house without having obtained before the
terminations of either meeting, from the speaker, permission to be or to
remain absent there from, and any person vacating his seat under the provisions of
this paragraph shall not be qualified to be nominated for election to the
house of representatives or appointed as a voting member or a nominated member
during the period commencing with his vacating his seat and ending with the
first dissolution of parliament thereafter.
Mr. P.S Njie who appeared not to have noticed what was going on later
explained to the people when he was confronted by them. He said his reason for
being absent from the house was because of the fact that he could do very little
as a lonely voice because as he complained. Whatever he had done in the past,
in or outside of parliament was blocked without members giving due
consideration to the merits. He then called on Gambians to support the U. P. and move
the country as everybody wants it irrespective of ethnic origins. His exit
however effectively wiped the U.P of the political scene. The prediction of
public opinion however was that it would take some serious hard work before the
PPP organisation could be beaten.
By 1973, life was not all well with the ordinary Gambian. The Gambia workers’
union continued their militancy by continuing their strikes for better pay.
For example there was a strike meant for the pay increase of night watchmen
and another one for the dock workers. The price of rice, Gambia’s staple food
was going up not steadily but drastically. It was increased from D30.75
(Thirty dalasis seventy five bututs) to D43.05 (Forty three dalasis five bututs).
This was a time when the average house-hold earner earned D75 a month. Sugar
too was increased from D25 to D45. Many Newspapers wrote stories of people
sleeping on the floors of the then Royal Victoria Hospital.
Because of these and many things people applauded the mechanism of the price
control unit and its work. Farmers also complained about the price of
groundnuts which was D230. 40 per ton for decorticated nuts. The Cooperative Union
and the Gambia Produce Marketing Board (GPMB) were doing well, but then the
re-evaluation of the dalasi in terms of Pound Sterling and the high price of
rice had to be tackled.
At this stage, Mr. Lamin Saho and Dr. Momodou S.K. Manneh arrived newly as
graduates and were seen to be very critical of the P.P.P. administration. They
used what the “Progressive Newspaper” called bombastic of the queen’s
language. Many young people followed them to hear what they had to say. It did not
take long for them to be absorbed into the P.P.P.’s magnet.
THE BUTUT SCANDAL
Within this period or shortly before this period, a brother of Mr. S. M.
Dibba, one Kutubo Dibba, was said to have been caught with a lot of Gambian
Butut coins with S. M’s Public vehicle in Senegal. The coins were said to have
been used for earrings etc. which the scandal said was being sold in Senegal.
The pressure of public opinion was so intense that it could not be ignored;
Mr. Dibba had to resign which he did. Nothing clear was explained to the
people, but it eventually cost Mr. Dibba his cabinet post. He was later reinstated
as ambassador Extraordinary and plenipotentiary with special responsibilities
on the European Economic Community. But his reinstatement to such a high
position of international importance beat the imagination of many an intellect
not to talk of critics.
What was the motive? Was Jawara afraid of losing Dibba? Many critics
afterwards considered him weak and inconsistent. Before July 1974, rumours were
already rife that Jawara was going to reshuffle his cabinet and on Wednesday 10th
July 1974, the President reshuffled his cabinet, as follows:
1. Hon. A.D Camara, Vice President and Minister for Local
Government, Land and Mines.
2. Alh the Hon. Yahya Ceesay, Minister of Agriculture and Natural
Resources
3. Alh the Hon. Kalilu Singhateh, Minister of Health, Labour and
Social Welfare.
4. Alh the Hon. A. B. Njie, Minister of External Affairs.
5. Alh the Hon. I.M. Garba-Jahumpa, Minister of Finance.
6. Alh the Hon. M.L Saho, Attorney General.
7. Alh the Hon. Sir A.S. Jack, Minister of Works and Communications.
8. Alh Hon. M.C Cham, Minister of Education Youth and Sports.
9. Hon. B.L. K Sagnia, Minister of Information, Broadcasting and
Tourism.
10. Hon. S. M Dibba, Minister of Economic Planning and Development.
11. Hon. K. N. Leigh, Minister of State at the President’s Office.
See next issue for more on the emergence of the NCP.
US CONSULAR CHRIS ZIMMER SPEAKS TO THE PRESS
By Sarjo Camara-Singhateh & Amie Sanneh
The Consular at the United States Embassy, Mr. Chris Zimmer, held a media
tour of the Gambian Press on the 14th of March 2007. Mr. Chris Zimmer said the
reason for this tour is to inform the public that visa application has now
been switched to online electronic application which applicants can use to
apply by visiting the Embassy’s website on www. Usembassybanjul.gm.
He stated that the following are required: passport valid for at least 6
months after arrival in the US; completed application form D5-156 and form
D5-157; one passport size photograph, size 5*5cm, full face with a light
background preferably (white); a receipt for the non-refundable visa application fee
of US$100 paid in Gambian Dalasis at Standard Chartered Bank.
He said the additional requirements for suggested documents are listed by
visa type on the reverse side. “The suggested documents are often useful to
show that applicants have strong ties to The Gambia that would compel them to
return home after a temporary stay in the US,” he said. He said other documents
required by visa type that non-Gambians must present are Gambian residency
documents at the time of interview. Those applicants must bring expired
passport for review.
He said in most cases, the consular office can make a decision on
eligibility for a non-immigrant visa at the time of interview in a few cases, however,
applicants might be requested to return with additional document before a
final decision can be made.
He said once the Consular Office reaches a final decision, one of the
following would be communicated to the applicant:
(a) You qualify for a visa and are asked to return the next day to
collect your passport and visa.
(b) You do not qualify and you receive a letter that explains the
reason for your ineligibility for a visa and your passport is returned; you may
always reapply for a visa at a later date.
Mr. Zimmer said that in 2005-2006 about 6036 applications applied for a US
visa but only 2737 succeeded. He said about 33 people were caught using faked
identities in the past year. He said the most popular destination for visa
applicants are New York, Maryland, Seattle, Atlanta, Detroit and. He said the
records they have on students are as follows: in 2002, 1056 visa issued; 667
students lost or abandoned their students status; 349 students still in school’
55 students completed a course of study and only 6 students who they verify
returned to The Gambia.
The Consular spoke on numerous fraud cases which he said, he is working
closely with the immigration and the police to halt. He further stated that some
women do obtain visa on other grounds while in the real fact they just go to
deliver their children in the US which is not acceptable. He said other
frauds include marriage fraud, inappropriate business activities, concealing
American children or family members, to name a few.
Mr. Zimmer urged Gambian parents with American children to educate their
children. He said many a time a child of 17 years does thump print their
forms/passports without the ability to sign, which he said is very ridiculous. In
response to the question from the press the consular said, his office is here
to facilitate easy travelling of American citizens, and for Gambians who have
good reason to travel or to go and read skills that cannot be easily found in
The Gambia.
He urged Gambians with US Citizenship to register them to the Embassy. He
said his office gives two types of passport to US Citizens that is the
Emergency passport and the National passport. He said the Emergency passport is for
Repatriation Child Abduction, Warden Messages, arrests, deaths and evacuation.
The consular further stated that the non-refundable fees are used to
facilitate all the expenses of the Consular Department and its programmes. The Visa
Assistant, Ms. Mary Rose Gomez, did a demonstration on how to fill the visa
application on line, to the press.
************************************** AOL now offers free email to everyone.
Find out more about what's free from AOL at http://www.aol.com.
To unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the Gambia-L Web interface
at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html
To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to: http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l
To contact the List Management, please send an e-mail to:
[log in to unmask]
|
