Corruption Perceptions Index 2009
Regional Highlights
Corruption Perceptions Index 2009
Regional Highlights: Sub-Saharan Africa
Countries/Territories included: 47
Of the 47 countries reviewed in the region (the same as in 2008), 31
scored less than 3 (out of 10)
indicating that corruption is perceived as rampant, while 13 scored
between 3 and 5, indicating that
corruption is perceived as a serious challenge by country experts and
businessmen. As in 2008, only
three countries scored more than 5: Botswana, Mauritius and Cape Verde.
While some countries appear to improve their scores or ranking in
comparison with others in Sub-
Saharan Africa, these changes do not reflect substantial
and sustainable improvements in local
accountability. The overall picture remains one of serious corruption
challenges across the region.
As in previous years, the CPI results show that corruption has a
particularly stark and devastating
effect on countries that face ongoing political
instability and high levels of poverty. Somalia, once
again, is at the bottom of the ranking with a score of 1.0 as
continued conflict and corruption prevent it
from embarking on reforms to overcome economic and political collapse.
Others scoring 2.0 or less include resource-rich countries such as
Angola, the Democratic Republic
of Congo, Guinea, Chad and Sudan. Despite their potential for
generating huge revenues that could
increase social development, these countries have
not been able to translate their wealth into
sustainable poverty-reduction programmes. Instead,
high levels of corruption in the extractive
industries consistently contribute to economic stagnation, inequality
and conflict.
Countries that score 3.0 or above and are perceived as relatively less
corrupt, still face enormous
challenges in the fight against corruption. While
legal frameworks have been increasingly
strengthened across the sub-region, their enforcement remains inconsistent.
In Liberia, the post-conflict government has received international
recognition for its efforts to stamp
out corruption. However, recent scandals affecting
government procurement and financial
management, and the perception that too many
government officials are political appointees,
continue to undermine transparency, accountability and public trust in
the political leadership.
High-profile anti-corruption cases and scandals
continue to be regularly reported in countries
including South Africa, Ghana and Senegal and risk undermining
political stability as well as the
governments’ capacity to provide effective basic services in sectors
such as education, health and
water. In such a context, corruption levels can mean the difference
between life and death.
In Kenya, Guinea, Zimbabwe and Niger political leaders have
failed to address the vicious cycle
that links corruption to poverty. Local anti-corruption activists and
whistleblowers courageous enough
to publicly expose weaknesses in accountability systems
are increasingly at risk as government
crackdowns limit democratic opposition and stifle civil
society’s ability to express the voice of the
people.
Individual cases, such as reports of massive corruption within the
Harare City Council in Zimbabwe,
are proof that only the introduction of clear and
robust accountability systems with independent
oversight, risk-management and full disclosure of the use of public
funds, can help build systems of
accountability that can reduce perceptions of public
sector corruption. In Niger, the president’s
decision to seize emergency powers and to dissolve both parliament and
the constitutional court after
it ruled that a referendum to allow him to seek a third consecutive
term was unconstitutional, was a
blatant disregard by the political leadership of the integrity of
Niger’s public institutions.
With government efforts to tackle corruption seen as ineffective
across the region, it is clear that there
must be renewed commitments to implement anti-corruption reforms and
legislation and to introduce
preventative measures, including education programmes. This
will help to restore public trust and
contribute to a reduction in the levels of corruption throughout the region.
© 2009 Transparency International. All rights Reserved.
Page 1 of 2
Corruption Perceptions Index 2009
Regional Highlights
CPI
90% Confidence Interval
Regional
Surveys
Rank Rank Country / Territory 2009
Lower Upper Used
Score
bound bound
37 1 Botswana 5.6
5.1 6.1 6
42 2 Mauritius 5.4
5.0 5.9 6
46 3 Cape Verde 5.1
3.3 7.0 3
54 4 Seychelles 4.8
3.0 6.7 3
55 5 South Africa 4.7
4.3 4.9 8
56 6 Namibia 4.5
3.9 5.1 6
69 7 Ghana 3.9
3.2 4.6 7
79 8 Burkina Faso 3.6
2.8 4.4 7
79 8 Swaziland 3.6
3.0 4.7 3
89 10 Lesotho 3.3
2.8 3.8 6
89 10 Malawi 3.3
2.7 3.9 7
89 10 Rwanda 3.3
2.9 3.7 4
97 13 Liberia 3.1
1.9 3.8 3
99 14 Madagascar 3.0
2.8 3.2 7
99 14 Senegal 3.0
2.5 3.6 7
99 14 Zambia 3.0
2.8 3.2 7
106 17 Benin 2.9
2.3 3.4 6
106 17 Gabon 2.9
2.6 3.1 3
106 17 Gambia 2.9
1.6 4.0 5
106 17 Niger 2.9
2.7 3.0 5
111 21 Mali 2.8
2.4 3.2 6
111 21 Sao Tome and Principe 2.8
2.4 3.3 3
111 21 Togo 2.8
1.9 3.9 5
120 24 Ethiopia 2.7
2.4 2.9 7
126 25 Eritrea 2.6
1.6 3.8 4
126 25 Tanzania 2.6
2.4 2.9 7
130 27 Mauritania 2.5
2.0 3.3 7
130 27 Mozambique 2.5
2.3 2.8 7
130 27 Nigeria 2.5
2.2 2.7 7
130 27 Uganda 2.5
2.1 2.8 7
143 31 Comoros 2.3
1.6 3.3 3
146 32 Cameroon 2.2
1.9 2.6 7
146 32 Kenya 2.2
1.9 2.5 7
146 32 Sierra Leone 2.2
1.9 2.4 5
146 32 Zimbabwe 2.2
1.7 2.8 7
154 36 Côte d´Ivoire 2.1
1.8 2.4 7
158 37 Central African Republic 2.0
1.9 2.2 4
162 38 Angola 1.9
1.8 1.9 5
Democratic Republic of
162 38 Congo 1.9
1.7 2.1 5
162 38 Congo-Brazzaville 1.9
1.6 2.1 5
162 38 Guinea-Bissau 1.9
1.8 2.0 3
168 42 Burundi 1.8
1.6 2.0 6
168 42 Equatorial Guinea 1.8
1.6 1.9 3
168 42 Guinea 1.8
1.7 1.8 5
175 45 Chad 1.6
1.5 1.7 6
176 46 Sudan 1.5
1.4 1.7 5
180 47 Somalia 1.1
0.9 1.4 3
© 2009 Transparency International. All rights Reserved.
Page 2 of 2
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