Subject:      Re: šP-F­ Body temperature,
              enzymes and obesity (was:

Protein Insulin
Ilya wrote:
>Amadeus Schmidt wrote:
>> Excess calories can't be just discarded by

the body,
>> they *have* to be stored or used.
>Nope, they can and are routinely discarded by

the body.
>After all that's what ketostix (urine test

strips) measure -
>ketones in urine (which are a perfectly good

source of energy,
>but in excess, which the body gets rid of in

urine). They
>can also be gotten rid of in breath and I

believe sweat.

True, exhaled or urinated ketones are one

exception of
the above general Rule.
Still it appears to me, that the purpose that

kestone bodies are
produced for, is *not* to discard some excess

kalories.
(to the opposite, animals or humans eating

animal bodies are in
trouble to aquire enough calories and have to

convert protein for).
Ketone bodies seem to be a by-product of

energy acquisition
from fatty acids, and therefore constitute a

(small) energy loss
in this pathway.

I've read at the site:
http://medtstgo.ucdavis.edu/endo/lecture/metli

pid.htm
>... Ketone bodies...  A third ketone body,

acetone, is
>produced by non-enzymatic decarboxylation of

acetoacetate.
> Ketone body formation occurs exclusively in

liver and,
>although prominent in both starvation and

diabetes,
>it is not known to be under direct hormonal

control.
>It appears to occur
>predominantly because of the high rate of

delivery of fatty acids couple
>with the removal of oxaloacetate for

gluconeogenesis.
>All three ketone bodies, acetoacetate,

ß-hydroxybutyrate and acetone,
>readily exit the liver into the systemic

blood.
>The body is unable to metabolize acetone,
>and it is eliminated in the urine and exhaled

by the lungs.

I think ketone bodies are a small hope if

someone is trying to
loose excess kalories.
The focus on energy balance should be, IMHO in

our
intrinsic hunger/appetite regulation.

As for example described at:
http://medtstgo.ucdavis.edu/endo/lecture/metap

pet.htm
>....Most humans, once they
>have physiologically matured, maintain quite

a stable body weight.
>As with body temperature, there appears to be

a set point for weight
>in each individual. If, as illustrated ...,

an adult purposely fasts,
>body weight will decrease. Upon refeeding,

there will initially be a
>greater intake of food as the body returns to

the original set point
>of body weight.
My guess is, that that "set point" is most

often determined by the
availability of one or few essential

micronutrients in food.

regards
Amadeu

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