* Today in Black History - August 1 *
1619 - Twenty African "Negroes" became the first Blacks to land in
Protestant America at Jamestown, Virginia. Surviving
evidence suggests that the twenty Africans were accorded
the status of indentured servants.
1834 - Slavery is abolished in the British Empire by the royal
ascent of the King of England after having been voted by
Parliament the previous year.
1838 - British slaves in the Bahamas are emancipated.
1852 - San Francisco Methodists establish the first African
American Zion Methodist Church.
1867 - African Americans vote for the first time in a state
election, in Tennessee, helping the Republicans sweep the
election.
1867 - General Philip H. Sheridan dismisses the board of aldermen
in New Orleans and named new appointees, including several
African Americans.
1868 - Governor Henry C. Warmoth of Louisiana endorses a joint
resolution of the legislature calling for federal military
aid. Warmoth says there had been 150 political
assassinations in June and July.
1874 - Charles Clinton Spaulding is born in Columbus County, North
Carolina. He will become a businessman who will rise to the
presidency of the North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance
Company. His business acumen will help the company survive
the years of the Great Depression. Also active in the
Durham, North Carolina community where the corporation is
located, he will work to increase the numbers of registered
African American voters and convince the city to hire
African American police officers. He will lead the company
from 1900 until he joins the ancestors on August 1, 1952.
1879 - Mary Eliza Mahoney graduates from the nursing program at the
New England Hospital for Women and Children. She is the
first African American to graduate from a nursing school and
becomes the first African American in history to earn a
professional nursing license.
1894 - Benjamin Elijah Mays is born in Epworth, South Carolina. He
will become a Phi Beta Kappa graduate of Bates College in
Maine. He will serve as pastor of Shiloh Baptist Church from
1921-1923 in Atlanta, Georgia. Recruited by Morehouse President
John Hope, Mays will join the faculty as a mathematics teacher
and debate coach. He will obtain a master's degree in 1925 and
in 1935 a Ph.D. degree from the University of Chicago. In 1934,
he will be appointed dean of the School of Religion at Howard
University and serve until 1940. He will become president of
Morehouse College in 1940 and launch a 27-year tenure that
will shepherd the institution into international prominence. He
will upgrade the faculty, secure a Phi Beta Kappa chapter and
sustain enrollment during World War II. After retiring as the
president of Morehouse, he will be elected to the school board
of Atlanta, Georgia and later serve as its president. In
1982, he will be awarded the NAACP's Spingarn Medal. He
will join the ancestors on March 28, 1984.
1914 - Marcus Garvey establishes the Universal Negro Movement
Improvement and Conservation Association and African
Communities' League, later shortened to UNIA. In New York
City six years later to the day, the UNIA will meet in
Madison Square Garden as Garvey presents his "Back to
Africa" plan and a formal Declaration of Rights for Black
people worldwide.
1918 - Theodore Juson Jemison, Sr. is born in Selma, Alabama. He
will become a Baptist minister and will later be elected
president of the National Baptist Convention USA.
1920 - The national convention of Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro
Improvement Association opens in Liberty Hall in Harlem.
The next night Garvey addresses twenty-five thousand Blacks
in Madison Square Garden. Garvey's nationalist movement
reaches its height in 1920-21.
1925 - The National Bar Association, dedicated to "advance the
science of jurisprudence, uphold the honor of the legal
profession...and protect the civil and political rights of
all citizens of the several states of the United States,"
is formally organized in Des Moines, Iowa by 12 African
American legal pioneers including George H. Woodson, S.
Joe Brown, and Gertrude E. Rush.
1930 - Geoffrey Holder is born. He will become a Broadway dancer
and actor and will be best known for his performances in
"Annie" and "The Wiz."
1940 - Benjamin E. Mays, who has been called "the greatest school
master of his generation," is named president of Morehouse
College.
1941 - Ronald H. Brown is born in Washington, DC. He will become
the first African American chairman of the Democratic
National Committee and Secretary of Commerce. He will join
the ancestors in 1996 in Croatia when his plane crashes
while on an official tour of the Balkans for the Department
of Commerce.
1943 - Race-related rioting erupts in New York City's village of
Harlem, resulting in several deaths.
1944 - Adam Clayton Powell is elected to congress and becomes the
first African American congressman from the East.
1950 - The American Bowling Congress ends its all-white-males rule.
1952 - Charles Clinton Spaulding joins the ancestors in Durham,
North Carolina at the age of 78.
1960 - Benin changes its name to Dahomey and proclaims its
independence from France.
1960 - Chubby Checker's "The Twist" is released. The song
inspires the dance craze of the '60s.
1961 - Whitney Young Jr. is named executive director of the
National Urban League.
1964 - Arthur Ashe becomes the first African American to be named
to the U.S. Davis Cup tennis team.
1970 - "Black Enterprise" magazine is first published.
1970 - Willie Stargell, of the Pittsburgh Pirates, ties the record
of 5 extra base hits in a game.
1973 - Tempestt Bledsoe, actress, "The Cosby Show's" Vanessa
Huxtable, is born in Chicago, Illinois.
1977 - Benjamin L. Hooks becomes the Executive Director of the
NAACP.
1979 - James Patterson Lyke is installed as auxiliary bishop of
the Cleveland Diocese of the Roman Catholic Church.
1987 - Mike Tyson defeats Tony Tucker to become undisputed
Heavyweight Boxing Champion.
1992 - The Supreme Court permits the administration to continue
its special interdiction policy by which the U.S. Coast
Guard patrols international waters near Haiti to prevent
Haitian citizens from escaping from their country, and
Haiti is the only country in the world to receive such
treatment by the United States.
1992 - Gail Devers wins the women's 100 meters at the Barcelona
Summer Games.
1993 - Ronald H. Brown, former chairman of the Democratic
National Committee, is appointed head of the Department
of Commerce by President Bill Clinton.
1994 - Supporters of Haiti's military rulers declare their
intention to fight back in the face of a U.N. resolution
paving the way for a U.S.-led invasion.
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