* Today in Black History - October 1 *
1851 - William "Jerry" Henry, a runaway slave and craftsman who had
settled in Syracuse, New York, is arrested by a United
States Marshal and scheduled to be returned to slavery.
Ten thousand citizens of the city will storm the sheriff's
office and courthouse, free Henry, and aid his escape to
Canada via the underground railroad.
1872 - Morgan State College (now University) is founded in
Baltimore, Maryland.
1886 - Kentucky State College (now University) is founded in
Frankfort, Kentucky.
1897 - Virginia Proctor Powell, first female African American
librarian is born in Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania. She will
follow in her mother's footsteps and continue her education
at Oberlin College in Oberlin, Ohio. In 1919, She will earn
her Bachelor of Arts degree in English literature from Oberlin.
She will move back to Pittsburgh where, although having
adequate training and experience, she was unable to pursue her
desired goal of teaching and spent some time working at her
aunt's salon as a beautician. Aware of her passion for children
and books, Charles Wilbur Florence, her future husband, will
encourage her to pursue a career in librarianship. During a
time when African Americans were rarely considered for
admission into predominantly white universities, she will be
considered for admission into the Pittsburgh Carnegie Library
School (now the University of Pittsburgh School of Information
Sciences). There will be much debate about allowing a Black
person into the program. School officials will be concerned with
how white students might react to having a Black peer and the
likelihood that she would not find work upon completion of the
program. She will finish the program in 1923. Over time she
will work as a librarian in Richmond, Virginia and Washington,
D.C. She will join the ancestors in Richmond, Virginia in 1991.
1937 - The Pullman Company formally recognizes the Brotherhood of
Sleeping Car Porters.
1937 - The Spingarn Medal is awarded to Walter White, NAACP
secretary, for his leadership and work in the anti-
lynching movement.
1945 - Donny Hathaway is born in Chicago, Illinois. He will be
an influential pop and Rhythm & Blues singer of the 1970s
whose hit songs will include "The Ghetto" and "The Closer
I Get to You" (with Roberta Flack). His collaborations with
Roberta Flack will score high on the charts and win him the
Grammy Award for "Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with
Vocal" for the duet, "Where Is the Love" in 1973. He will join
the ancestors, after taking his own life, on January 13, 1979.
1945 - Rodney Cline "Rod" Carew, baseball Hall of Famer, is born in Gaton,
Panama, (formally Panama Canal Zone). He will win the American
League's Rookie of the Year award in 1967 and be elected to the
first of 18 consecutive All-Star game appearances. He will steal
home seven times in the 1969 season to lead the majors, just
missing Ty Cobb's Major League record of eight and the most in the
major leagues since Pete Reiser stole seven for the Brooklyn
Dodgers in 1946. His career total of 17 steals of home currently
puts him tied for 17th on the list with former New York Giant MVP
Larry Doyle and fellow Hall of Famer Eddie Collins. In 1972, He
will lead the American League in batting, hitting .318, and
remarkably, without hitting a single home run for the only time in
his career. He is, to date, the only player in the American League
or in the modern era to win the batting title with no home runs.
In 1975, he will join Ty Cobb as the only players to lead both the
American and National Leagues in batting average for three
consecutive seasons. In the 1977 season, he will bat .388, which is
the highest since Boston's Ted Williams hit .406 in 1941, and win
the American League's Most Valuable Player award. He will be
inducted into the Major League Baseball Hall of Fame in 1991. He
will also be inducted into the Hispanic Heritage Baseball Museum Hall
of Fame.
1945 - Heavyweight champion, Joe Louis, is discharged from the army.
1947 - United States' control of Haitian Custom Service and governmental
revenue ends.
1948 - The California Supreme Court voids state statutes banning interracial
marriages.
1948 - Edward Dudley is named Ambassador to Liberia.
1951 - The 24th Infantry Regiment, last of the all African American military
units authorized by Congress in 1866, is deactivated in Korea.
1954 - The British colony of Nigeria becomes a federation.
1955 - Howard Hewitt is born in Akron, Ohio. He will move to Los Angeles where
he would eventually meet Soul Train dancer and future first wife Rainey
Riley-Cunningham, then a secretary of the show's creator and original
host Don Cornelius. It was Cornelius who will introduce him to fellow
Soul Train dancers Jody Watley and Jeffrey Daniel, and their group,
Shalamar, is born. The trio is best known for songs such as "Second Time
Around", "A Night to Remember", "Dancing in the Sheets" and the ballad
"This Is For The Lover In You". He will be the group's lead singer from
1979 until 1985. When Shalamar breaks up in the mid 1980s, he will go on
to pursue a solo career. In 1986 he will be arrested and indicted in Miami
with his fiance Mori Molina for possession with an intent to distribute
cocaine. He subsequently will marry Molina who will be convicted and serve
prison time. He will then be acquitted of the charges. He will sign with
Elektra Records and record 1986's "I Commit To Love" (R&B #12), a relatively
solid urban album that will yield two R&B hits, "I'm For Real" (R&B #2) and
"Stay" (R&B #8). The album will also include "Say Amen", a gospel tune that
will become a surprise hit on the Gospel charts and is his signature song.
He will contribute vocals to La Toya Jackson's Hot 100 hit single "Heart
Don't Lie" in 1984.
1960 - Nigeria proclaims its independence from Great Britain.
1960 - Nigeria becomes the 99th member of the United Nations.
1961 - East & West Cameroon merge and become the Federal
Republic of Cameroon.
1963 - Nigeria enacts a new constitution and becomes a republic within the British
Commonwealth.
1966 - The Black Panther party is founded in Oakland, California by Huey Newton and
Bobby Seale.
1977 - Brazilian soccer great, Pele', plays his final game for the New York Cosmos in an
exhibition against Santos in front of 75,000 at Giants Stadium. He retires with
1,281 goals in 1,363 games.
1982 - Marvin Gaye releases his last studio album "Midnight Love" featuring single "Sexual
Healing".
1988 - Flamboyant American sprinter Florence Griffith Joyner wins her third gold medal of
the Seoul Olympics, anchoring the victorious United States' 4 x 100m relay team.
1989 - Dallas Cowboy, Ed "Too Tall" Jones records his 1,000th NFL tackle in a 30-13 defeat
to the New York Giants at Texas Stadium.
1990 - 10,000 Uganda Rwanda Patriotic Front rebels move into Rwanda.
1991 - Dr. Mary Schmidt Campbell assumes her duties as dean of New York University's
Tisch School of the Arts. A noted art historian, Schmidt had previously served
as commissioner of cultural affairs, director of the Studio of Harlem, and chair
of the Smithsonian Institution's Advisory Committee that recommended creation of
a national African American museum.
1993 - In his first World Boxing Council heavyweight title defense, Lennox Lewis beats fellow
Londoner Frank Bruno by TKO in 7 rounds at the National Stadium in Cardiff, Wales.
1994 - South African President Nelson Mandela visits the United States.
1997 - Minnesota Timberwolves NBA forward Kevin Garnett, just 2 years out of high school, signs a
record 6-year, $123 million contract extension.
2000 - An all-African podium for the men's marathon at the Sydney Olympics as Gezahegne Abera of
Ethiopia runs 2:10:11 for the gold medal, 0.20s ahead of Kenyan Erick Wainaina with bronze
to Ethiopian Tesfaye Tola.
2000 - NBA stars Ray Allen and Vince Carter each score 13 points as the United States beats France
85-75 to win the men's basketball gold medal at the Sydney Olympics.
2007 - Most of the Racial and Religious Hatred Act 2006 came into force in the United Kingdom.
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