* Today in Black History - November 28 *
1868 - John Sengstacke Abbott is born in Frederica, Georigia. The son
of former slaves, he will attend Hampton Institute and prepare
himself for the printing trade. He will also go on to law
school, and will work as an attorney for a few years, but will
change careers to become a journalist. He will found the Chicago
Defender, a weekly newspaper on May 6, 1905. He will start the
paper on $25, and in the beginning, operate it out of his kitchen.
Under his direction, the Defender will become the most widely
circulated African American newspaper of its time and a leading
voice in the fight against racism. He will cultivate a
controversial, aggressive style, reporting on such issues as
violence against blacks and police brutality. The Defender will
raise eyebrows with its anti-lynching slogan - "If you must die,
take at least one with you," its opposition to a segregated
Colored Officers Training Camp in Fort Des Moines, Iowa in 1917,
and its condemnation of Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro
Improvement Association (UNIA). Through the Defender, he will
also play a major role in the "Great Migration" of many African
Americans from the South to Chicago. He will join the ancestors
on February 22, 1940.
1871 - The Ku Klux Klan trials begin in Federal District Court in South
Carolina.
1907 - Charles Alston is born in Charlotte, North Carolina. After
studying at Columbia University and Pratt Institute, he will
travel to Europe and the Caribbean, execute murals for Harlem
Hospital and Golden State Mutual Life Insurance Company in Los
Angeles, earning the National Academy of Design Award, and the
First Award of the Atlanta University Collection's 1942 show
for his watercolor painting, "Farm Boy". As a teacher, he will
teach at the Harlem Community Art Center, Harlem Art Workshop,
and Pennsylvania State University. He will be an associate
professor of painting at The City University of New York and a
muralist for the WPA during the Depression. His two-panel mural
of that period, "Magic and Medicine," can be seen at Harlem
Hospital.
1929 - Berry Gordy is born in Detroit, Michigan. He will become the
the founder and president of Motown Records, the most successful
African American-owned record company. Gordy's "Motown Sound"
will become synonymous with the 1960's and will launch the
careers of Diana Ross and the Supremes, the Temptations, Stevie
Wonder, Smokey Robinson and the Miracles, the Jackson Five, and
many others.
1942 - Richard Wright, author of "Native Son" and "Black Boy", joins
the ancestors in Paris, France at the age of 52.
1942 - Paul Warfield is born in Warren, Ohio. He will become an wide
receiver for the Cleveland Browns and Miami Dolphins. Over
his career, he will catch 427 passes for 8,565 yards and 85
touchdowns. He will have a sensational 20.1-yard per catch
average and will be All-NFL five years. He also will be named
to eight Pro Bowls. He will be enshrined in the Pro Football
Hall of Fame in 1983.
1958 - Chad, Congo, and & Mauritania become autonomous members of the
French World Community.
1960 - Mauritania gains independence from France.
1961 - The Downtown Athletic Club awards the Heisman Trophy to Ernie
Davis, a halfback from Syracuse University. He is the first
African American to win the award.
1966 - A coup occurs in Burundi overthrowing the monarchy. A republic
is declared as a replacement form of government.
1981 - Pam McAllister Johnson is named as publisher of Gannett's Ithaca
(New York) Journal. She is the first African American woman to
head a general circulation newspaper in the United States.
1992 - In King William's Town, South Africa, four people are killed,
about 20 injured, when black militant gunmen attack a country
club.
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