* Today in Black History - June 5 *
1783 - Oliver Cromwell, an African American soldier who served in
the Revolutionary War, receives an honorable discharge
signed by George Washington. Cromwell, who will claim to
have been with Washington when he crossed the Delaware and
in the battles of Yorktown, Princeton, and Monmouth, is
cited by Washington as having earned "the Badge of Merit
for six years' faithful service."
1872 - The Republican National Convention meets in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania. The meeting marks the first significant
participation of African American delegates: Robert B.
Elliot (chair of the South Carolina delegation); Joseph
Rainey, and John R. Lynch of Mississippi, who each make
addresses to the convention.
1920 - Marion Motley is born in Leesburg, Georgia. He will become
a NFL running back and all-time AAFC rusher for the
Cleveland Browns, ending his career with the Pittsburgh
Steelers. He will enter the NFL in 1946, making him one
of only four African Americans to desegregate the NFL in
the modern era. One of the largest running backs of his
era, Motley will rush for 4,720 yards in his career and
average an astounding 5.7 yards per carry, the highest in
pro football history. He will also be selected to the first
Pro Bowl in 1951. He will be enshrined in the NFL Hall of
Fame in 1968. He will join the ancestors in Cleveland, Ohio
on June 27, 1999.
1940 - The American Negro Theatre is organized in Harlem by
Frederick O'Neal, Abram Hill, and members of the McClendon
Players. Among the plays it will produce is "Anna Lucasta",
which will be presented on Broadway in 1944 and feature
Canada Lee, Ossie Davis, and Ruby Dee.
1945 - John Wesley Carlos is born in Harlem, New York. He will become
a track and field athlete and professional football player. He
will be the bronze-medal winner in the 200 meters at the 1968
Summer Olympics, and his Black Power salute on the podium with
Tommie Smith will cause much political controversy. He will go
on to tie the world record in the 100-yard dash and beat the
200 meters world record (although the latter achievement will
never be certified). After his track career, he will enjoy a
brief stint in the Canadian Football League but will retire
due to injury. He will become involved with the United States
Olympic Committee and help to organize the 1984 Summer Olympics.
Following this he will become a track coach at Palm Springs High
School. He will be inducted into the USA Track & Field Hall of
Fame in 2003. He will author, with sportswriter Dave Zirin, "The
John Carlos Story: The Sports Moment That Changed the World,"
that will be published in 2011 by Haymarket Books. He will be
awarded an honorary doctorate from California State University in
2008. In 2012, he will be awarded honorary doctorates from his
alma maters Texas A&M University-Commerce (formerly East Texas
State University) and San Jose State University.
1947 - Frederick Jerome Stewart is born in Vallejo, California. He will
become a pastor and musician, best known as Freddie Stone, a co-
founder, guitarist, and vocalist in the band Sly and the Family
Stone, fronted by his brother Sly and including his sisters
Rosie and Vet. After leaving the band in the mid-1970s, he will
sign a short recording contract with Motown Records.
1952 - Jersey Joe Walcott defeats Ezzard Charles for the
heavyweight boxing title.
1956 - A three-judge federal court rules that racial segregation on
Montgomery city buses is unconstitutional, ending the
Montgomery bus boycott.
1959 - U.S. Supreme Court undermines the legal foundations of
segregation in three landmark cases, Sweatt v. Painter,
McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents and Henderson v. United
States.
1969 - A race riot occurs in Hartford, Connecticut.
1969 - Brian McKnight is born in Buffalo, New York. He will become a
Rhythm & Blues singer-songwriter, arranger, producer, and musician.
He will be a multi-instrumentalist who plays piano, guitar, bass
guitar, percussion, trombone, tuba, flugelhorn and trumpet. He will
be most recognized for his strong falsetto and belting range. His
work will earn him 16 Grammy Awards nominations, though he has never
won to date. He is third only to Morten Lindberg and Snoop Dogg for
the record of most Grammy nominations without a win.
1973 - Doris A. Davis of Compton, California, becomes the first
African American female to govern a metropolitan city.
1973 - Cardiss R. Collins of Chicago, Illinois is elected to
Congress. She will succeed her late husband and spend over
twenty years in the U.S. House of Representatives.
1983 - Yannick Noah becomes the first Frenchman to win the French
Open since World War II.
1988 - Clarence M. Pendleton, Jr. joins the ancestors at the age of
58. He was the first African American chairman of the
United States Civil Rights Commission (1981-88). Following
President Ronald Reagan's desires, he led the commission
toward a "color-blind" approach to matters of civil rights.
1990 - Dijon Isaiah McFarlane is born in Los Angeles, California. He will
be known professionally as Mustard (formerly DJ Mustard). He will
become a record producer, DJ, record executive and hype man. He will
be a frequent collaborator of Compton-bred rapper YG, and will
produce numerous singles for hip hop and Rhythm & Blues artists since
his entrance into mainstream music in 2011. His production style will
be described as an up-tempo, club oriented, catchy yet rudimentary
melodic hip hop style. This style will snowball into the contemporary
production style of West Coast hip hop during the early 2010s, which
he will call "ratchet music". Almost all of his productions begin or
end with the tag "Mustard on the beat, hoe!", a voice sample of YG,
who will say it at the end of "I'm Good", one of their early
collaborations, as well as claps and repetition of the word "hey".
Mustard's debut album, 10 Summers, will be released on August 26, 2014.
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