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Part 1 - On L. Paracasei for Allergies
In my previous post I mentioned L. paracasei NCC 2461 may be useful in a
probiotic to treat food allergies. It seems that the concept of using L.
paracasei in a probiotic to reduce allergies is already being applied.
Strains of L. paracasei strongly capable of reducing allergies have been
isolated in Japan and Taiwan aimed at producing probiotic products for
allergies. In Taiwan a probiotic, a yogurt containing L. paracasei L-33,
has already been tested on human subjects with promising results. (See
abstracts and news releases below.)
L. paracasei also has the potential of being useful to treat gut
dysfunction associated with irritable bowel syndrome, a finding of a study
in Gastroenterology 2004 Sep;127(3):826-37. (See below.)
A study of the effects of a nutritional supplement given to elderly
Chileans which included a 1 billion daily dose of L. paracasei NCC 2461
showed an improvement in their immune systems. (See below.)
I have been searching for a suitable commercial L. paracasei probiotic that
would provide a dose of at least 1 billion or more of the NCC 2461
strain. No luck. Whether other strains of L. paracasei have similar
effects on the immune system as NCC 2461 is not known. Unidentified
strains of L. paracasei are available as a small percentage of the
following probiotics:
Garden of Life Primal Defense, Country Life Daily-Dophilus AM/PM Complete
Probiotic System, Health From The Sun FiProFlax Probiotic, Metafoods
MetaFlora 16, Solgar Advanced 40+ Acidophilus, Innercleanse 2000 Replenish
Probiotic, Dr. Burgstiner's Essential FloraTM, Source Naturals Life Flora,
Sedona Labs iFlora complete Acidophilus Formula, NOW Acidophilus 4X6.
L. paracasei strains are typically found in kefir grains. But the
composition of kefir is quite variable. Additionally, 80% of the
lactobacilli in the fermented beverage are L. kefir, leaving only 20% of a
mixture containing an unknown percentage of L. paracasei.
"The composition of kefir varies dramatically depending on a variety of
factors, including the source of the milk, its fat content and the
composition of the grains or starters. Kefir grains include LAB
(lactobacilli, lactocci, leuconostocs), yeasts, acetic acid bacteria and
possibly other microorganisms (Marshall and Cole 1985). The predominant
lactobacilli in kefir grains are L. Paracasei subsp. paracasei, L.
acidophilus, L. delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus, L. plantarum and L.
kefiranofaciens (Hallé et al. 1994). These strains account for 90% of the
population in the grains, but only 20% of the lactobacilli in the final
fermented beverage. The remaining 80% of these LAB consists of L. kefir.
The predominant yeasts in both the beverage and the kefir grains are
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, S. unisporus, Candida kefir and Kluyveromyces
marxianus marxianus (Hallé et al. 1994)."
-- Quoted from Journal of Nutrition. 2001;131:807-812.
http://www.nutrition.org/cgi/content/full/131/3/807
The University of Missouri-Columbia is experimenting with a soy yogurt
product containing L. paracasei:
http://www.research.missouri.edu/news/stories/040920_healthysoy.htm
That cheddar cheese sitting in your refrigerator may be a possible source
of L. paracasei. A study of Irish chedders shows that L. paracasei strains
predominate in cheddar cheese and can even survive and be viable in
pasteurized cheddar. Production of a probiotic cheddar which includes L.
paracasei has also been studied in Ireland. (See below.) Other cheeses
may have similar potentials.
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Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2004 Apr;15(2):152-8.
News Summary:
http://www.taiwanheadlines.gov.tw/20040611/20040611s4.html
Free full text:
http://www.genmont.com.tw/Treatment.pdf
Treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis with lactic acid bacteria.
Wang MF, Lin HC, Wang YY, Hsu CH.
Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of
Pediatrics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
Probiotics are perceived to exert beneficial effects in the prevention and
treatment of allergic diseases via modifying the gut ecosystem. The aim of
this study was to assess whether ingestion of fermented milk containing
Lactobacillus paracasei-33 (LP-33), a strain newly isolated from the human
intestinal tract, can improve the quality of life of patients with
perennial allergic rhinitis. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-
controlled trial, we gave patients fermented milk with (n = 60) or without
(n = 20) the addition of LP-33 (2 x 10(9) colony-forming units per bottle)
for 30 days. A modified questionnaire concerning pediatric
rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life was administered to all subjects or
their parents at each clinical visit. Scores for the overall quality of
life significantly decreased in the LP-33 group as compared with the
placebo group, in both frequency (-16.02 +/- 2.14 vs. -7.27 +/- 3.55,
respectively; p = 0.037) and level of bother (-16.35 +/- 2.33 vs. -6.20 +/-
3.13, respectively; p = 0.022) after the 30-day treatment. Subjects
reported no severe adverse effects such as fever, abdominal pain, or
diarrhea. The results suggest that ingestion of LP-33-fortified fermented
milk for 30 days can effectively and safely improve the quality of life of
patients with allergic rhinitis, and may serve as an alternative treatment
for allergic rhinitis.
PMID: 15059192 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2004 Nov;135(3):205-15.
News Release:
http://www.kirin.co.jp/english/ir/news_release031015_1.html
The anti-allergic effects of lactic acid bacteria are strain dependent and
mediated by effects on both Th1/Th2 cytokine expression and balance.
Fujiwara D, Inoue S, Wakabayashi H, Fujii T.
Central Laboratories for Key Technology, Kirin Brewery Co., Ltd., Yokohama,
Kanagawa, Japan. [log in to unmask]
BACKGROUND: There is growing interest in the immune-stimulating effect and
in particular, the anti-allergic effect, of lactic acid bacteria (LAB).
However, no comprehensive studies have been done that compare the immune-
stimulating potential of LAB strains. METHODS: The in vitro immune-
stimulating effects on Th1/Th2 balance of more than 100 LAB strains were
compared in splenocytes from ovalbumin-sensitized Th2-polarized mice. The
in vivo anti-allergic ability of strain KW3110 was studied in the Th2-
polarized model by detecting serum IgE concentration, Th1/Th2 cytokine
secretion from splenocytes, and the expression of co-stimulatory molecules
on macrophages. RESULTS: In vitro studies from Th2-polarized splenocytes,
using IL-12 as a Th1 parameter and IL-4 secretion as a Th2 parameter
revealed a wide variety of IL-12-inducing and IL-4-repressing activities,
depending on the strain of LAB, not depending on the species. However,
evaluation of individual strains in vivo revealed that after exposure to
Lactobacillus paracasei KW3110 strain, the serum IgE elevation elicited by
repeated OVA injection of mice was strongly inhibited. Cytokine secretion
from splenocytes 20 weeks after KW3110 administration showed increased IL-
12 and decreased IL-4 expression. Both CD40 and B7-1 expression on
macrophages was upregulated by administration of KW3110. CONCLUSIONS:
Improving the consequences of the Th1/Th2 imbalance by administration of
LAB was dependent upon the LAB strain rather than the LAB species. Oral
KW3110 administration in the mouse allergy model directed the Th1/Th2
balance toward Th1 through the maturation of APCs and inhibition of serum
IgE elevation.
PMID: 15467373 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Continued in Part 2 of 2
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