"The discovery of radium . . . has altered our views fundamentally with
respect to balneological treatment. A more scientific era has dawned.
Time was when a suspicion of a man's professional integrity was raised
if he called himself a balneologist; but now, instead of groping in the
shades of night, our landscape is illumined by the sunshine of science
and we march along with firmer footsteps and with head erect. . . . Is
it, then, any wonder that we balneologists regard radio-activity as the
unknown god[?]. "

Persson, "Treatment of Chronic Diseases at Spas,"1038 (statistic on spa
users), 103839 (quotation of Mount Clemens physician); Lowe, "On Radium
Emanations in Mineral Waters,"1053 (last quotation). For a brief history
of spas, see Sigerist, "American Spas in Historical Perspective," esp.
71-73.

Yes, Ralph... it was the shower running and not a garden hose left on
all night.

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